scholarly journals Weight effects on stress: lexicon and grammar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Duarte Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Informative Priors ◽  
Model Weight

This thesis examines weight effects on stress and proposes a probabilistic approach based on the notion that weight is gradient, not categorical. Arguments for this proposal are divided into three main chapters, which examine and statistically model weight in the lexicon (Chapter 1), weight in the grammar (Chapter 2), and the interaction of weight and footing (Chapter 3). The statistical analyses in Chapters 2 and 3 also discuss how our linguistic expectations regarding weight effects can be incorporated in statistical models through the use of mildly informative priors, and to what extent the fit of such models compare with that of models based on non-informative priors.

scholarly journals Radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region based on a set of statistical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
S.I. Spiridonov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
I.E. Titov ◽  
V.E. Nushtaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Standards ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.

Differential Subject Marking in Nepali imperfective constructions

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saartje Verbeke ◽  
Ludovic De Cuypere
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Corpus Data

We investigate Differential Subject Marking in Nepali imperfective constructions. No previous accounts were satisfying in explaining under what conditions the ergative marker is preferably used. Building on a probabilistic approach to syntactic variability, we conducted statistical analyses on the basis of corpus data, which compared and evaluated the influence of the predictor variables on the ergative marking. We found evidence for the influence of four factors: Animacy, Pronominality, Honorificity, and Tense/Aspect. Animacy appeared to yield the strongest effect. We argue that these factors can be classified into two classes pertaining to two functions of the ergative marker: emphasis of the agent role combined with disambiguation of the patient and the relation of ergativity with verb semantics.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis in psychological research.

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Sánchez-Meca ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
The Individual

Meta-analysis is a research methodology that aims to quantitatively integrate the results of a set of empirical studies about a given topic. With this purpose, effect-size indices are obtained from the individual studies and the characteristics of the studies are coded in order to examine their relationships with the effect sizes. Statistical analysis in meta-analysis requires the weighting of each effect estimate as a function of its precision, by assuming a fixed- or a random-effects model. This paper outlines the steps required for carrying out the statistical analyses in a meta-analysis, the different statistical models that can be assumed, and the consequences of the assumptions in interpreting their results. The statistical analyses are illustrated with a real example.

scholarly journals Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow/Haper Collins. 2005. xii+242 pages. Paperback. $17.00.

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Bestseller List ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Utility Maximisation ◽  
Interesting Reading

One should give full marks to the authors for coming up with a most unusual title for a book on economics—a title that grabs one’s attention. The book was most popular having reached the Number Two rank on the New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction. It consists of a number of articles (six to be precise) authored by Levitt and addressed to a largely lay audience. Although Levitt would like to see himself as a “rogue economist”, in this book he does apply “the basic microeconomic theory of rational utility-maximisation” to subjects that would not be covered in standard economic textbooks. In that sense, his rogue economist’s status becomes doubtful. This apart, the book makes for some interesting reading. Chapter 1 examines the issue of cheating. One would think that students taking their examinations normally cheat. This chapter introduces the notion that teachers also cheat, if the incentives are right. So do Sumo Wrestlers, as Levitt uses statistical analyses to prove how this is done. So one should not be too surprised when people cheat. Morality has no role to play in the decision to cheat.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

Structuring Situational Information

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Situational Information

Abstract. There is as yet no consensually agreed-upon situational taxonomy. The current work addresses this issue and reviews extant taxonomic approaches by highlighting a “road map” of six research stations that lead to the observed diversity in taxonomies: (1) theoretical and conceptual guidelines, (2) the “type” of situational information studied, (3) the general taxonomic approach taken, (4) the generation of situation pools, (5) the assessment and rating of situational information, and (6) the statistical analyses of situation data. Current situational taxonomies are difficult to integrate because they follow different paths along these six stations. Some suggestions are given on how to spur integrated taxonomies toward a unified psychology of situations that speaks a common language.

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