scholarly journals Management priorities for seawater desalination plants in a marine protected area: A multi-criteria analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Heck ◽  
Adina Paytan ◽  
Donald Potts ◽  
Brent Haddad ◽  
Karen Lykkebo Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Residential Consumption

The development of seawater desalination plants to increase water reliability in coastal areas poses a threat to the health of near shore marine ecosystems and may affect the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) that have been established to meet international conservation targets. This paper applies a multi-criteria analysis approach to quantify stakeholder groups’ priorities for seawater desalination plants that have been proposed in communities adjacent to a National Marine Sanctuary. All groups placed the highest importance on minimizing environmental impacts on protected areas and endangered species that could be affected by water intake and brine discharge emphasizing the need for integrated land and sea conservation. Minimizing socio-economic impacts on coastal communities was much less important. Stakeholders also weighted reducing pressure on water levels in rivers, streams, and aquifers as more important than increasing water for residential consumption, which may foster coastal growth rather than replacing water taken from other sources. The study further revealed differences in the importance of multiple management objectives among stakeholder groups, which highlights the need to elicit distinct priorities of all groups to understand concerns and potential conflicts of desalination with existing marine users. The analysis of consistency ratios revealed that around half of all surveyed stakeholders had high inconsistencies in their responses, which suggests either a lack of understanding of desalination, or reflects the complexity of establishing desalination plants in coastal areas adjacent to a marine protected area.

scholarly journals Management priorities for seawater desalination plants in a marine protected area: A multi-criteria analysis

Marine Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Heck ◽  
Adina Paytan ◽  
Donald C. Potts ◽  
Brent Haddad ◽  
Karen Lykkebo Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Management Priorities

scholarly journals Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Mark Westera
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Broad Application

Guidelines to marine protected areas is a collation of efforts from the IUCN, NOAA and Cardiff University, among others. It is aimed at managers and would be managers of marine parks, but will also be of use to anyone involved in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) process from conceptual planning to establishment, monitoring and management. Its broad application takes into account the hurdles that a manager is likely to encounter. There are nine sections, an introduction, an evaluation of the legal framework required to successfully establish MPAs, a discussion on dealing with all the relevant parties, involving communities and other stakeholders, site selection, planning and managing MPAs, zoning, evaluating economic aspect and financial sustainability, and finally a section on research, monitoring and review. Boxes are used throughout the text within each chapter to summarize important points and make for quick reference to the topic of that chapter.

MPAs in the Southern Ocean under CCAMLR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-107
Author(s):  
Karen N. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
National Jurisdiction

Abstract In 2016, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) designated the largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Ross Sea. Hailed as both a precedent and a prototype for MPAs in both Antarctica and in areas beyond national jurisdiction more generally, it is nevertheless proving challenging to implement. Moreover, further MPAs have yet to be designated in the region although a number are under negotiation. This article will evaluate the contribution made by CCAMLR to the implementation of SDG 14.5 (the conservation of at least 20 per cent of marine and coastal areas by 2020), its relationship to area-based protection under the 1991 Environmental Protocol, and highlight the challenges of establishing MPAs beyond the jurisdiction of states.

Larval Connectivity and Marine Protected Area Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 408-436
Author(s):  
Per-Olav Moksnes ◽  
Per R. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Larval Connectivity ◽  
Spatial Management

There is growing awareness that ocean life is under unprecedented stress caused by the loss of habitat and biodiversity resulting from human activities. Spatial management by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) is proposed as an important method to conserve biodiversity, manage fisheries, and increase ecosystem resilience. However, a major challenge in spatial management is that most MPAs and networks of MPAs have been created with little regard to larval dispersal and connectivity within and outside protected areas. Because of the limited understanding of larval connectivity, it is therefore often unclear whether the MPAs are ecologically functional. Larval behavior and dispersal are particularly well studied in benthic crustaceans, making them excellent model organisms to address this challenge.

scholarly journals Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-855
Author(s):  
Mariano J. Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Barcelona Convention ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

Abstract Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.

scholarly journals Global correlates of terrestrial and marine coverage by protected areas on islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mouillot ◽  
Laure Velez ◽  
Eva Maire ◽  
Alizée Masson ◽  
Christina C. Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
Resource Capacity

Abstract Many islands are biodiversity hotspots but also extinction epicenters. In addition to strong cultural connections to nature, islanders derive a significant part of their economy and broader wellbeing from this biodiversity. Islands are thus considered as the socio-ecosystems most vulnerable to species and habitat loss. Yet, the extent and key correlates of protected area coverage on islands is still unknown. Here we assess the relative influence of climate, geography, habitat diversity, culture, resource capacity, and human footprint on terrestrial and marine protected area coverage across 2323 inhabited islands globally. We show that, on average, 22% of terrestrial and 13% of marine island areas are under protection status, but that half of all islands have no protected areas. Climate, diversity of languages, human population density and development are strongly associated with differences observed in protected area coverage among islands. Our study suggests that economic development and population growth may critically limit the amount of protection on islands.

Anthropic disturbance to seabed habitats in the Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area, southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crescenzo Violante ◽  
Francesco Paolo Buonocunto ◽  
Eliana Esposito ◽  
Luciana Ferraro ◽  
Laura Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Environmental Function ◽  
Anthropic Influence

<p>The main goal of this study is to investigate the anthropic influence on benthic habitats in the Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area (MPA). This area is located at the western end of the Sorrento Peninsula in the Bay of Naples, southern Italy. It is a rocky coast consisting of vertical or near vertical limestone cliffs of structural control, with marine areas characterized by suboutcropping rocky substrate. Seabed sediments are mainly coarse and biogenic in origin with skeletal grains and coralligenous bioconstructions occurring widely [1].</p><p>The Punta Campanella seabed habitats have been characterized and mapped on the base of geophysical and sedimentological data together with results from benthic communities. In addition, several environmental components both marine and terrestrial have been analysed in order to evaluate the anthropic influence on the recognized benthic habitats. Such environmental components include foraminiferal assemblages, water column features and inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) as well as terrestrial biota, fresh water supply and quality, land use and natural hazard.</p><p>First results indicate 1) anomalous values of specific heavy metals (Ni, Hg) in the marine sediments, 2) the presence of benthic foraminiferal assemblages distinctive of human-impacted environmental conditions, and 3) the occurrence of morphological deformities affecting some foraminiferal species. At present, as next step of this study, we are applying a methodology based on the Environmental Functional Analysis (EFA) in order to combine and analyse terrestrial and marine environmental components together with territorial data and selected socio-economic components of the coastal zone (i.e. human pressure, land use, etc.) [2]. This method was originally developed by Cendrero and Fischer (1997) [3] and successively employed as management tool and monitoring technique for coastal areas [4] and terrestrial protected areas [5]. Such a holistic-based approach can be used to evaluate the anthropic disturbance in the Punta Campanella MPA and to compare the potential for conservation and the potential for use of the study area.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] D'Argenio B., Violante C., Sacchi M., Budillon F., Pappone G., Casciello E., Cesarano M., 2004: Capri, Bocca Piccola and Punta Campanella (southern Italy), marine and onland geology compared. In: G. Pasquarè and C. Venturini (Eds), Mapping Geology in Italy, APAT, Roma, 35-42.</p><p>[2] Hopkins, T.S., Bailly, D., Støttrup, J.G., 2011. A Systems Approach Framework for Coastal Zones. Ecol. Soc. 16(4), 25.</p><p>[3] Cendrero A., Fischer D.W., 1997: A procedure for assessing the environmental quality of coastal areas for planning and management. Journal of Coastal Research 13(3), 732-744.</p><p>[4] Giordano L., Ferraro L., 2020. Conservation or development? An environmental function analysis assessment of the Volturno River coastal zone (central Tyrrhenian Sea - Italy). Journal of Coastal Conservation, 24(6), 5-12.</p><p>[5] Calado H., Bragagnolo C., Silva S., Vergílio M., 2016: Adapting environmental function analysis for management of protected areas in small islands e case of Pico Island (the Azores). Journal of Environmental Management 171, 231-242.</p>

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