From Cyberpunk to Cramped Dweller: The Peculiar History of Hong Kong ‘Heterotopias’

75.6% of land comprising Hong Kong remains undeveloped according to the special administrative region’s planning department. In turn, Hong Kong’s constricted real estate, now estimated to be the world’s costliest, has created eye-popping living arrangements historically and contemporarily. Denizens’ colorful reputation and imagination for flouting city ordinances, zoning laws, and spatial management stand emblematic of tenacious self-sufficiency and a free-spirited brand of runaway capitalist initiative. Why is this conspicuous trademark of Hong Kong’s societal fabric very much alive in the 21st Century? Why does this matter in a rapidly urbanizing world witnessing the ascension of mega-urban centers alongside ever-widening socioeconomic chasms? This paper intends to illuminate the peculiar origins and longevity of the Kowloon Walled City, an urban monolith of notoriety and autonomy that blossomed in a semi-legal grey zone unencumbered under British protectorate rule for nearly a century. Parallels will connect the linear trajectory between Kowloon’s hardnosed living to today’s comparable Chungking Mansions and the hundreds of thousands of cage homes appearing in all corners of the city. This paper aims to answer why these residential paradoxes continue to function with efficiency and relevancy, posing solutions for indigent housing while exacerbating the stigma of social and economic ostracism.

Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt

Soil salinization is a global problem that affects a large part of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, diagnosing soil salinity is the first step towards appropriate management. The current work aims to assess and map soil salinity in the eastern Nile Delta using principal component analysis (PCA). In order to develop appropriate solutions for rational management to mitigate the impacts of soil salinization and increase yield production 34 soil profiles were dug that covered the variation in the soils located at the northeast of the Nile delta. The spatial variation of soil parameters was mapped using ordinary kriging interpolation. The results of PCA illustrated that, among the studied soil properties, soil electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percent (ESP), and bulk density (BD), are the critical factors affecting management practices in the Nile Delta. Two spatial management zones (SMZ) were identified; SMZ 1 occupied 45.04% of the study area and SMZ2 occupied 54.96% of the study area. The average of soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD were 8.31, 20.32 dSm−1, 47.19, 32.9 cmolckg−1, 32.85% and 1.47 Mgm−3 for the first cluster (SMZ1), respectively. In addition, the second cluster (SMZ2) had average soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD of 7.75, 12.30 dSm−1, 26.6, 25.23 cmolckg−1, 26.6% and 1.27 Mgm−3. The results showed p-value < 0.05 which confirms that there is a significant statistical difference between the two zones. Finally, the results obtained could be used as a fundamental basis for improving agricultural management practices in such salt-affected soils.

An evaluation of urbanisation processes in suburban zones using land-cover data and fuzzy set theory

The aim of this article was to evaluate urbanisation processes in space using the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) databases. The study was conducted in the rural municipality of Dywity in the direct vicinity of the city of Olsztyn. Basic concepts and methods for evaluating urbanisation processes were determined based on a review of the literature. The article addresses issues related to spatial management and GIS as a data source and a tool for analysing land management activities. The search for new methods for evaluating spatial management and spatial processes plays a particularly important role in rapidly urbanising areas. The study explored the applicability of GIS as a data source and a tool for evaluating urbanisation processes in studies that rely on modern methods such as fuzzy set theory. The intensity and dynamics of urbanisation processes were evaluated based on changes in land cover with the use of CLC databases.

Emergence of Socio-economic Geography and Spatial Management as a Scientific Discipline in the New Classification of Science in Poland1

The aim of the article is to present the chronology of activities that led to the emergence of the discipline ‘socio-economic geography and spatial management’ in the new classification of science in Poland which has been in force since 2018. The path of emergence of the discussed discipline is analysed from the standpoint of one of the participants of this process. The article also presents positive and negative consequences of implementing this classification in the context of two different structural models of geography as a science. Among positive consequences one can mention (1) preservation of the name ‘geography’ on the list of scientific disciplines, and (2) a favourable formal and legal ‘empowerment’ of socio-economic geography in the system of the organisation and evaluation of science in Poland. Among the greatest threats one can see (1) a reduction in the importance of socio-economic geography in favour of spatial management, and (2) the organisational disintegration of some geographical communities, institutions and research units. However, there are also attempts at the reintegration of geography around two of its basic segments, i.e. physical geography and human geography. In the author's opinion, future activities should focus on the means to strengthen realistically (and not only declaratively) the position of the new discipline and its constituent subdisciplines against other scientific disciplines.

The Development of Multi-scale Data Management for CityGML-based 3D Buildings

The CityGML model is now the norm for smart city or digital twin city development for better planning, management, risk-related modelling and other applications. CityGML comes with five levels of detail (LoD), mainly constructed from point cloud measurements and images of several systems, resulting in a variety of accuracies and detailed models. The LoDs, also known as pre-defined multi-scale models, require large storage-memory-graphic consumption compared to single scale models. Furthermore, these multi-scales have redundancy in geometries, attributes, are costly in terms of time and workload in updating tasks, and are difficult to view in a single viewer. It is essential for data owners to engage with a suitable multi-scale spatial management solution in minimizes the drawbacks of the current implementation. The proper construction, control and management of multi-scale models are needed to encourage and expedite data sharing among data owners, agencies, stakeholders and public users for efficient information retrieval and analyses. This paper discusses the construction of the CityGML model with different LoDs using several datasets. A scale unique ID is introduced to connect all respective LoDs for cross-LoD information queries within a single viewer. The paper also highlights the benefits of intermediate outputs and limitations of the proposed solution, as well as suggestions for the future.

Kepastian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah: Pelajaran dari Kekalahan Perkara Pertanahan di Pengadilan

ABSTRAKUpaya mengurangi adanya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam pengadilan dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan kepastian hukum hak atas tanah. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini adalah menjawab rumusan masalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif mengenai 1) apa penyebab terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam persidangan, dan 2) bagaimana upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan. Penyebab perkara pertanahan yang mengalami kekalahan di pengadilan dapat dibedakan menjadi 8 (delapan) pokok penyebab perkara, yakni 1) tumpang tindih kepemilikan sertipikat, 2) adanya putusan pengadilan perdata, 3) terdapat cacat prosedur, 4) ketidaksesuaian data yuridis, 5) putusan fiktif negatif dan positif, 6) sengketa waris, 7) keterkaitan dengan tata ruang, dan 8) adanya putusan pengadilan pidana. Upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya kekalahan perkara pertanahan dalam rangka peningkatan kepastian dan hukum hak atas tanah adalah 1) peningkatan peraturan tentang rechtsverwerking pendaftaran tanah menjadi undang-undang, 2) optimalisasi partisipasi masyarakat untuk validasi data pertanahan melalui berbagai sarana atau platform, 3) penambahan ketentuan tentang iktikad baik dalam menguasai tanah dengan sanksi yang lebih terukur untuk tanah hak yang ditelantarkan, 4) peningkatan quality control hasil pengukuran dan pemetaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak swasta, 5) pembaharuan SOP (standar operasional prosedur) pendaftaran tanah, 6) penguatan portofolio panitia pemeriksa tanah sebagai bagian dari proses pendaftaran tanah, 7) penerapan prinsip fiktif positif untuk mengatasi “status quo” perkara pendaftaran tanah, 8) peningkatan sinergi pengelolaan ruang di atas penguasaan tanah, dan 9) penerbitan alas hak atas tanah dengan adanya sidik jari atau dengan identitas unik lainnya. Kata kunci : perkara pertanahan, sertipikat hak atas tanah, kepastian hukum ABSTRACTThe efforts to reduce land cases defeat in court are carried out in the context of increasing legal certainty of land rights. The purpose of this paper is to answer the problem formulation with a qualitative approach regarding 1) what are the causes of the defeat of land dispute in the court, and 2) what efforts can be made to prevent the defeat of land disputes. The causes of land cases defeat in the court can be divided into 8 (eight) main causes, namely 1) overlapping certificate ownership, 2) civil decisions, 3) procedural defects, 4) juridical data incompatibility, 5) negative and positive fictitious decisions, 6) inheritance disputes, 7) spatial planning context, and 8) criminal decisions. The efforts to prevent the defeats of land cases in the context of increasing certainty and legal land rights are 1) increasing regulations regarding rechtsverwerking of land registration into law; 2) optimizing community participation for land data validation through various means or platforms; 3) adding conditions about good intention ofcontrolling land along with more measurable sanctions for abandoned land; 4) improving the quality control of the measurement and mapping results carried out by the private sector; 5) renewing of SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) for land registration; 6) strengthening the portfolio of the Land Examiner Committee as a part of the land registration process; 7) applying the positive fictitious principles to overcome the “status quo” of land registration cases; 8) increasing the synergy of spatial management over land tenure; and 9) issuing the land rights with fingerprints or other unique identities.Keywords : land dispute, certificates of land rights, legal certainty

Local spatial policy in Ukraine and Poland

The article aims to compare the local tools of Ukrainian and Polish spatial policy. It includes legal solutions (with a particular emphasis on the basics of development restrictions) and problems related to their application diagnosed in the literature on the subject. Based on the analysis of the spatial management systems of both countries, the similarities and differences were determined, referring them to the international discussion and suggesting directions for further research (on the spatial management systems of Central and Eastern European countries). Ukraine and Poland were selected for analysis in terms of similarities (partially similar historical conditions, location) and differences (status of a European Union Member State, spatial planning traditions).

Landscape patterns changes and relation to water infiltration of Krueng Peusangan Watershed in Aceh

Watershed has played an important source of ecosystem services (ES). The Krueng Peusangan watershed (KPW) is considered to be the “lungs” and ecological border in the central region of Aceh, Indonesia. This study aims to monitor landscape patterns in the watershed area of 2009-2019 and to predict changes in 2039 and their relationship with infiltration. The selection of this research area is due to the notion that KPW is one of the numerously deforested watersheds in the country. Temporal spatial monitoring of landscape (land use/cover, LUC) patterns are required to inform policy and support future spatial management planning towards sustainability. Landscape patterns changes in KPW, including the extent of loss and addition of forest over the last few years, have not been quantified. In constructing the regional development policies, information regarding the effects of landscape changes and climatic patterns on ecosystem services is essential. Therefore, the knowledge development of this relationship is encouraged. The comparison value between potential and actual infiltration could identify the watershed category. The upstream area of KPW is classified as a significantly critical watershed due to LUC changes. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the absorption zone for the continuation of groundwater protection.