scholarly journals Facial Mimicry and Social Context Affect Smile Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Orlowska ◽  
Magdalena Rychlowska ◽  
Piotr Szarota ◽  
Eva Krumhuber
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that people use various sources of information, including sensorimotor simulation and social context, while judging emotional displays. However, the evidence on how those factors can interplay is limited. The present research tested whether social context information has a greater impact on perceivers’ smile judgments when mimicry is experimentally restricted. In Study 1, participants watched images of affiliative smiles presented with verbal descriptions of situations associated with happiness or politeness. Half the participants could freely move their faces while rating the extent to which the smiles communicated affiliation, whereas for the other half mimicry was restricted via a pen-in-mouth procedure. As predicted, smiles were perceived as more affiliative when the social context was polite than when it was happy. Importantly, the effect of context information was significantly larger among participants who could not freely mimic the facial expressions. Study 2 replicated these findings, thereby controlling for empathy and mood, and showed that social context also influences smile discrimination. Together, the findings extend the evidence on the role of verbal information in the interpretation of facial expressions and suggest that mimicry importantly modulates the impact of social context information on smile perception.

Individuality and habits in institutional economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-809
Author(s):  
Heath Spong
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper a sophisticated conception of individuality is developed that extends beyond simple heterogeneity and is consistent with the approach of institutional economics. Studies of human biological and psychological development are used to illustrate the foundations of human individuality and the impact of the social environment on individual development. The link between the social environment and ongoing agential properties is established through the role of habits, which provide some continuity to individual personalities over time and assist them in navigating the social context they inhabit. Reflexivity is established via an agency-structure framework that endows individuals a changeable self-concept and an ability to interpret their relationship to the social context. The coordination of different individuals is explained not simply through reference to institutional structure, but also through the agent-level properties of shared habits. While reducing differences between individuals to one of degrees, shared habits are shown to be particularly important in the context of agent-sensitive institutions. Finally, the potential for different institutional experiences to impact the reflexivity of individuals is explored.

Shared attention amplifies the processing of emotional faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Schiano Lomoriello ◽  
Mattia Doro ◽  
Paola Sessa ◽  
Ivana Konvalinka
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Shared Context

Previous studies have shown that sharing an experience, without communicating, affects people’s subjective perception of the experience, often by intensifying it. However, the effect of shared experience on the underlying neural processing of information is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying shared attention by implementing a dual- EEG study where participants were required to attend to and judge the intensity of neutral, angry and happy faces, simultaneously or independently. In order to study whether the presence of another individual modulates an individual's perception and processing of facial expressions, we implemented three experimental conditions: 1) participants performed the task alone, in the absence of a social context (unshared condition), 2) participants performed the task simultaneously next to each other in pairs, without receiving feedback about the other participant's responses (shared no feedback) and 3) participants performed the task simultaneously while receiving the feedback (shared with feedback). We focused on two face-sensitive ERP components: the N170 and the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN). We found that the amplitude of the N170 was greater in the shared with feedback condition compared to the other conditions, reflecting a top-down effect of shared attention on the structural encoding of faces, irrespective of valence. In addition, the EPN was significantly greater in both shared context conditions compared to the unshared condition, reflecting an enhanced attention allocation in the processing of emotional content of faces, modulated by the social context. Behaviourally, we found a modulation on the perceived intensity of the neutral faces only when participants received the feedback of the other person’s ratings, by amplifying the perceived neutrality of faces. Taken together, these results suggest that shared attention amplifies the neural processing of faces, regardless of the valence of facial expressions.

scholarly journals Een laatste wagonnetje of op een zijspoor? Orthodox-gereformeerden en de cultuur

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
C. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Moral Majority ◽  
Secular Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
The Impact

Although the Dutch Reformed attitudes to sexuality, the role of woman, and politics, have become more liberal, the nature of their accommodating to mainstream secular culture remains unclear, for the gap with the secular moral majority on many issues is (still) large. Nevertheless, in a super-diverse society the impact of the social context continues to create differences within the Reformed circles.

On the Implications of the Social Web Environment for Pedagogical Patterns

2011 ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kamthan
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Web ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pattern Production ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the impact of the Social Web in enabling human-to-human communication during the production and management of patterns. To do that, two conceptual models, one aimed towards understanding the stakeholders of patterns, and the other for a pattern production process are proposed. The role of the stakeholders in carrying out the different workflows of a pattern production process is elaborated. In doing so, the prospects and concerns presented by the technologies/applications underlying the Social Web are highlighted.

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