Decision Strategies while Intoxicated relate to Alcohol-Impaired Driving Attitudes and Intentions

Objective: Approximately 28 million individuals engage in alcohol-impaired driving (AID) every year. This study investigated individuals’ AID decision making strategies under intoxication, their variability across the breath alcohol concentration curve (BrAC), and the association between strategy and AID attitudes and intentions. Method: 79 adults (23.9 years, 57% women) who drank alcohol ≥2 days per week and lived >2 miles away from their typical drinking locations completed an alcohol administration protocol and AID decision making task. AID attitudes, intentions, and behaviors were assessed repeatedly across the BrAC curve. Bayesian cognitive modeling identified decision strategies used by individuals on the AID decision making task, revealing whether alcohol consumption level and/or ride service cost factored into individuals’ decisions to drive while impaired or obtain a ride. Additional analyses tested whether AID attitudes and intentions were related to individuals’ decision strategies. Results: Two decision strategies were examined on the ascending and descending limb of the BrAC curve: compensatory (both consumption level and ride service cost factored into AID decisions) and non-compensatory (only consumption level factored into AID decisions). Switching to a compensatory strategy on the descending limb was associated with lower perceived intoxication, perceiving AID as less dangerous, and being willing to drive above the legal BrAC limit. Conclusions: Results suggest that risk for engaging in AID is higher for those using a cost-sensitive, compensatory strategy when making AID decisions under intoxication. Future research is needed to test whether AID countermeasures (e.g., subsidized ride services) are differentially effective according to decision strategy type.

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Decision Making and Alcohol: Health Policy Implications

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1177/2372732218818587 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clintin P. Davis-Stober ◽

Kayleigh N. McCarty ◽

Denis M. McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Alcohol Policy ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Decision Strategy ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Individual Decision ◽

Decision Strategies ◽

Impaired Driving ◽

Alcohol Impaired Driving ◽

Excessive Consumption

Many negative outcomes associated with alcohol consumption stem from individual decision making, such as the decision whether or not to drive after drinking. Understanding biases in decision making as they relate to alcohol, and measuring variability in decision strategies across individuals, can be a tool for improving policy. For alcohol-related policy, both addiction and the acute effects of intoxication are potential sources of bias or heterogeneity in decision strategy, and we provide a brief primer on how they can affect decision making. We then discuss two alcohol policy domains, alcohol impaired driving and excessive consumption. We review potential implications of major findings in decision-making research for each of these domains, and point out how policy could take account of biases and variability in decision making.

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Evidence for a Cultural Mindset: Combining Process Data, Theory, and Simulation

10.31234/osf.io/dnrua ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

LaTasha R Holden ◽

Michelle LaMar ◽

Malcolm Bauer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Student Performance ◽

Cognitive Modeling ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Simulation Game ◽

Future Research ◽

Sequential Decision ◽

Process Data ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

And Behavior

The goal of the present work is to build a foundation for understanding cognition and decision-making processes in innovative assessment contexts. Specifically, we will assess students’ Cross-Cultural Competence (3C: see Thomas et al., 2008) through a social simulation game. The present work will use Mindset (i.e., individuals beliefs about whether ability is fixed or changeable, see Dweck, 2006) to ground the project in theory because it has been shown to be a powerful motivator for decision-making and behavior in learning and achievement (Dweck & Leggett; 1988; Dweck, 1999), and in cross-cultural contexts (Dweck, 2012). The novel contribution of this paper is to apply Mindset theory to social situations requiring 3C, thus proposing the notion of cultural mindsets—defined here as the set of beliefs including affect, cognition, and behavior people bring to cross-cultural contexts. In cultural mindset, affect and cognition govern the ease with which people adapt, learn, and update cultural information. Additionally, we argue that cultural mindsets are important mechanisms involved in navigating cross-cultural situations effectively and should be considered more in future research. In order to understand how cultural mindset affects student performance, we will apply a computational cognitive modeling approach using Markov decision process (MDP) models. The MDP approach is appropriate for sequential decision-making in non-deterministic environments—as actions are chosen as part of a plan to achieve goals with the knowledge that some action effects will be probabilistic.

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Decision aids to prepare patients for shared decision making: Two randomized controlled experiments on the impact of awareness of preference-sensitivity and personal motives

10.31234/osf.io/gyat3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marie Eggeling ◽

Simone Korger ◽

Ulrike Cress ◽

Joachim Kimmerle ◽

Martina Bientzle

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Shared Decision Making ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Decision Aids ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Decision Strategies ◽

The Impact

Objective: To participate in shared decision-making (SDM), patients need to understand their options and develop trust in their own decision-making abilities. Two experiments investigated the potential of decision aids (DAs) in preparing patients for SDM by raising awareness of preference-sensitivity (Study 1) and showing possible personal motives for decision-making (Study 2) in addition to providing information about the treatment options.Methods: Participants (Study 1: N=117; Study 2: N=217) were put into two scenarios (Study 1: cruciate ligament rupture; Study 2: contraception), watched a consultation video, and were randomized into one of three groups where they received additional information in the form of 1) narrative patient testimonials; 2) non-narrative decision strategies; 3) an unrelated text (control group). Results: Participants who viewed the patient testimonials or decision strategies felt better prepared for a decision (Study 1: P<.001, η²p=0.43; Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.57) and evaluated the decision-making process more positively (Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.13) than participants in the control condition. Decision certainty (Study 1: P<.001, η2p=0.05) and satisfaction (Study 1: P<.001, η2p=0.11; Study 2: P=.003, d=0.29) were higher across all conditions after watching the consultation video, and certainty and satisfaction were lower in the control condition (Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.05).Discussion: DAs that explain preference-sensitivity and personal motives can be beneficial for improving people’s feelings of being prepared and their perception of the decision-making process. To reach decision certainty and satisfaction, being well informed of one’s options is particularly relevant. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the design of DAs.

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Decision strategies while intoxicated relate to alcohol-impaired driving attitudes and intentions.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/adb0000808 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sara D. McMullin ◽

Courtney A. Motschman ◽

Laura E. Hatz ◽

Denis M. McCarthy ◽

Clintin P. Davis-Stober

Keyword(s):

Decision Strategies ◽

Impaired Driving ◽

Alcohol Impaired Driving

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Multi-criteria decision making for supplier selection: a literature critique

Independent Journal of Management & Production ◽

10.14807/ijmp.v12i1.1265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 329-352

Author(s):

Hayk Manucharyan

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Supply Chain Management ◽

Supplier Selection ◽

Future Research ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Chain Management ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Aid Decision

In contemporary supply chain management, a company’s performance is largely dependent on its strategic choice of suppliers. The complexity of supplier evaluation and selection is driving the development of novel support techniques and their integration into multi-criteria decision-making processes. This review identifies the most prevalent approaches in the supply chain management literature (1998–2018), analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, and discusses the most popular supplier selection attributes. The non-conventional, emerging methods in domain literature are also discussed, and future research directions are proposed. Supplier selection approaches are classified into individual, integrated, and non-conventional approaches. To overcome the limitations associated with these tools when used individually, most of the published works have used integrated techniques, among which integrated fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process methods are most popular. We conclude that while some of the methodologies are common, the more non-conventional approaches, such as market utility-based models, are rarely used in the supplier selection literature, leaving much opportunity to further develop these less-used approaches and, ultimately, aid decision-makers in supply chain management.

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Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.1.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Swain

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Professional Ethics ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Professional Autonomy ◽

Ethical Awareness ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

The Right ◽

Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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