scholarly journals Sexual Arousal Discounting: Devaluing Condom-Protected Sex as a Function of Reduced Arousal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Wongsomboon ◽  
David J. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arousal Group

Sexual discounting is a growing area of research aimed at identifying factors that reduce people’s reported willingness to have safe sex. One commonly reported reason for condom non-use is that a condom reduces sexual arousal. However, researchers have yet to isolate the specific role of sexual arousal using a sexual discounting framework. We extended past research by measuring how sexual arousal reduced people’s willingness to have condom-protected sex (“sexual arousal discounting”: SAD). College students (n = 379; 67.5% females) selected partners they most-wanted and least-wanted to have sex with and were randomized to one of two groups. In one group, participants rated their willingness to have sex with a condom if their own arousal decreased (from 100% to 10%) from condom use. The other group completed the same task except their partner’s arousal decreased from condom use instead of their own. We observed a three-way interaction between arousal levels, most vs. least desirable partners, and self vs. partner groups. Participants’ willingness to have condom-protected sex systematically reduced as a function of sexual arousal. This was observed more with the most (vs. least) desirable partner and in the self-arousal (vs. partner-arousal) group but only when the partner was their least desirable. Men (vs. women) displayed more arousal discounting but only with the most desirable partner. Finally, higher arousal discounting was associated with lower safe-sex self-efficacy and higher reported frequency of unprotected sex in the past three months. This study demonstrates how reduced sexual arousal from condom use can be measured as a factor influencing sexual risk-taking.

Condom use in the context of sex research: a commentary

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Sex Research ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infection ◽  
Transmissible Infection

This commentary highlights some recent trends in sex research that have particular relevance for research on condom use, including studies investigating the meaning of sexual arousal, desire and pleasure; a focus on couple-level investigations; and the relevance of individual differences and personality characteristics to sexual risk-taking. Although historically, sexuality-related issues have received little systematic attention in the field of public health, researchers are now paying more attention to the role of pleasure and sexual arousal in condom use. It is argued that a better integration of findings from the area of sex research into the HIV and sexually transmissible infection (STI) field is needed to develop and improve programs to reduce the risk of STIs and unintended pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Alcohol Use During Sexual Situations in the Relationship Between Sexual Revictimization and Women’s Intentions to Engage in Unprotected Sex

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Parkhill ◽  
Jeanette Norris ◽  
Kelly Cue Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adult Sexual Assault

Research has demonstrated relationships among childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and sexual risk taking. This study proposes that one mechanism through which the victimization–sexual risk-taking relationship works is through an increased likelihood of drinking during sexual situations. Using path analysis, this study explores this hypothesis in a sample of 230 women. The model illustrates that women with a history of child and adult sexual victimization reported greater intentions to engage in unprotected sex and that this relationship is in part accounted for by an increased likelihood of drinking in sexual situations. The results suggest that sexual risk reduction programs and sexual assault treatment programs should educate women about the alcohol-involved sexual risk taking that often follows sexual assault victimization.

Is anal sex a marker for sexual risk-taking? Results from a population-based study of young Croatian adults

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Štulhofer ◽  
Valerio Baćak
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background There is evidence that anal sex is becoming increasingly popular among heterosexual women and men. Several studies carried out in especially vulnerable populations (e.g. sex workers and low-income youth) suggested that anal sex may indicate a more general propensity to sexual risk-taking. Methods: To assess whether this epidemiologically important finding holds in the case of young adults from the general population, we analysed data from a cross-sectional probability survey carried out in 2010 on 1005 Croatian women and men aged 18–25. Results: Anal intercourse was reported by 36.5% of 861 sexually experienced participants (42.7% of men and 29.8% of women). About one-third of them (34%) used a condom at most recent anal intercourse. The experience of anal sex was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with all four indicators of sexual risk-taking (condom use at most recent vaginal intercourse, number of sexual partners in the past year, concurrent sexual relationships and anonymous sex in the past year), as well as with negative attitudes and beliefs about condom use (P < 0.01). Sexual sensation-seeking mediated the relationship between anal sex and some of the sexual risk-taking behaviours. Conclusion: According to the findings, heterosexual anal sex is directly and indirectly associated with increased behavioural risks of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STI). Sex education and STI prevention programs should focus on the importance of using protection when practicing anal sex.

Restaurant and foodservice research

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin DiPietro
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
Foodservice Industry ◽  
Future Direction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the foodservice and restaurant literature that has been published over the past 10 years in the top hospitality and tourism journals. This information will be used to identify the key trends and topics studied over the past decade, and help to identify the gaps that appear in the research to identify opportunities for advancing future research in the area of foodservice and restaurant management. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of a critical review of the extant literature that has been done in the foodservice and restaurant industries. Literature from the past 10 years will be qualitatively assessed to determine trends and gaps in the research to help guide the direction for future research. Findings The findings show that the past 10 years have seen an increase in the number of and the quality of foodservice and restaurant management research articles. The topics have been diverse and the findings have explored the changing and evolving segments of the foodservice industry, restaurant operations, service quality in foodservice, restaurant finance, foodservice marketing, food safety and healthfulness and the increased role of technology in the industry. Research limitations/implications Given the number of research papers done over the past 10 years in the area of foodservice, it is possible that some research has been missed and that some specific topics within the breadth and depth of the foodservice industry could have lacked sufficient coverage in this one paper. The implications from this paper are that it can be used to inform academics and practitioners where there is room for more research, it could provide ideas for more in-depth discussion of a specific topic and it is a detailed start into assessing the research done of late. Originality/value This paper helps foodservice researchers in determining where past research has gone and gives future direction for meaningful research to be done in the foodservice area moving forward to inform academicians and practitioners in the industry.

scholarly journals Measuring exposure to sexually explicit media among young men who have sex with men: a pilot study

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Nelson ◽  
Matthew R. Golden ◽  
Sara Nelson Glick
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Sexually Explicit Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption may contribute to sexual risk-taking among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Methods: The prevalence and frequency of SEM consumption as well as associations with contextual and sexual risk characteristics among 61 YMSM were estimated. Results: All participants (n = 61, 100%) reported viewing SEM; 45 (74%) in the past week. There were no significant associations between viewing SEM in the past week and measured characteristics. Conclusion: SEM use among YMSM is extremely common. Future research should clarify potential relations between SEM and sexual risk-taking with larger samples of YMSM and specific measures, including SEM content and amount.

The Disappearing Turnout Gap between Native Americans and Non-Native Americans

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Skopek ◽  
Andrew Garner
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Indian Gaming ◽  
The Past

Past research has consistently found that American Indians have traditionally turned out to vote at lower rates than do other citizens. Using two separate data sets, we examine this "turnout gap" over the past several decades. We find that not only has Native American turnout increased generally, but that the "gap" between Native Americans and non-Native Americans has declined substantially, and that in recent elections this "gap" has largely disappeared. We then provide a preliminary and tentative examination of possible causes for the decline, including the role of Indian gaming, mobilization by political parties and candidates, and shifting political values among Native Americans.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment and Sexual Risk Taking: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Raluca M. Simons ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals How Do Californians Define Safe Sex?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Moskowitz ◽  
Assunta Ritieni ◽  
Maya Tholandi ◽  
Qiang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Policies And Programs

Objectives: We examined definitions of “safe sex” among adults in California, and assessed whether definitions varied by sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Methods: We analyzed crosssectional data from the “AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors (KABB) Survey,” a statewide telephone survey of California adults conducted in 2000. Results: The four most common definitions of safe sex were condom use (68.0%), abstinence (31.1%), monogamy (28.4%), and safe partner (18.7%). Definitions were associated with sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and number of sexual partners in the past 12 months. Conclusions: Most adults defined safe sex in terms of condom use either alone or in conjunction with other methods. Individuals’ definitions were complex and varied across sociodemographic groups which suggest the need for policies and programs which reflect this diversity.

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