scholarly journals Death, ideology, and worldview: Evidence of death anxiety but not mortality salience effects on political ideology and worldview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Nilsson ◽  
Samantha Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Components

Research has suggested that the sense of threat aroused by reminders of death can lead to worldview defense and elevated conservatism. The current studies disentangled the effects of mortality salience and death anxiety on two core components of conservatism—resistance to change and acceptance of inequality—and on the broader worldviews of normativism and humanism. Study 1 (N = 186), which used a mortality salience manipulation, and Study 2 (N = 354), which measured self-reported death anxiety, suggested that existential threat was associated particularly with resistance to change and normativism, consistent with theoretical expectations, in samples of Swedish adults. The results indicated that conservative shift had occurred predominantly among left-wingers. However, Study 3, which was a pre-registered online replication of Study 1 with respondents from the United Kingdom, yielded no evidence for any effects of mortality salience on ideology (N = 319) or worldview (N = 199). An internal pre-registered meta-analysis of mortality salience effects indicated that mortality salience had a marginally significant effect only on normativism. Taken together, the results provided little clear evidence of mortality salience effects on ideological preferences and worldviews, but dispositional death anxiety was associated with resistance to change, normativism, and acceptance of inequality particularly among leftists.

scholarly journals Trends in Stroke Incidence in High-Income Countries in the 21st Century

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxin Li ◽  
Catherine A. Scott ◽  
Peter M. Rothwell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Incidence Studies

Background and Purpose— Population-based studies provide the most reliable data on stroke incidence. A previous systematic review of population-based studies suggested that stroke incidence in high-income countries decreased by 42% between the 1970s and early 2000s. However, it is uncertain whether this trend of steady decline has been maintained in more recent periods. Methods— Data from OCSP (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; 1981–1986) and OXVASC (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002–2017) along with other published population-based stroke incidence studies that reported temporal trends of stroke incidence since 1990 in high-income countries were included. Age-standardized relative incidence rate ratios were calculated for each study and then pooled with inverse-variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. Projection estimates were calculated for the number of incident stroke patients in the United Kingdom from year 2015 to 2045. Results— In Oxfordshire, stroke incidence fell by 32% from OCSP to OXVASC, with a similar trend before or after year 2000. With the projected aging population, if the age-specific stroke incidence continued to decrease at its current rate (6% every 5 years), there would still be a 13% increase of the number of first-ever strokes in the United Kingdom up to year 2045. Incorporating the Oxfordshire data with other 12 population-based studies, stroke incidence declined steadily between the 1990s and 2010s within each study, resulting in a 28% decline over an average period of 16.5 years (pooled incidence rate ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.79]; P <0.0001). The trend was the same for men (0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.77]; P <0.0001) and women (0.66 [95% CI, 0.59–0.74]; P <0.0001) and remained consistent after year 2010 in OXVASC. Proportion of disabling or fatal stroke also decreased over time (early versus later period, 53.6% versus 46.1%; P =0.02). Conclusions— Stroke incidence is continuing to decline with steady rate in Oxfordshire and in other high-income settings. However, the absolute number of strokes occurring is not falling.

Political ideology and leisure policy in the United Kingdom

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bramham ◽  
I.P. Henry
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The United Kingdom

Studying the Translations of NHSnet

2011 ◽  
pp. 294-315
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Whitley ◽  
Athanasia Pouloudi
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Stakeholder Relations ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sociology Of Translation

This chapter explores the ways in which innovative information systems projects take on a life of their own. The chapter begins by reviewing some of the more traditional ways of making sense of this phenomenon: resistance to change, escalation and unintended results, before introducing the sociology of translation. This provides a theoretical framework for viewing the transformations that an information systems project undergoes. The framework is then applied to the case of the NHSnet project in the United Kingdom. Using the language of sociology of translation, we consider the underlying stakeholder relations in the case study and draw more general conclusions for the responsibilities of stakeholders involved in an information systems lifecycle.

Design in Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-195
Author(s):  
Michael Saward
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter pulls together the different forms of rationale for the democratic design framework, and offers a detailed summary of its core components and their provenance. This summary includes a practical step-by-step guide to democratic design, from definition of the specific political challenge at hand to consideration of the life of specific democratic designs or models. The bulk of the chapter sets out an illustrative case study of the application of the framework and its guide, focused on democratic challenges and change in the United Kingdom in the light of the principles of equality, resources, citizen engagement, and citizen participation.

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