scholarly journals Anti-Asian Discrimination and Antiracist Bystander Behaviors amid the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Kish Parikh ◽  
Shefali Katedia ◽  
Ernest Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Anti-Asian racism is a public health concern, and it has escalated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Bystanders—individuals who witness acts of racism—can help by discouraging perpetrations of discrimination (and other forms of interpersonal violence), offering help and support to victims, and reinforcing (antiracist) prosocial norms. Yet, little is known about who engages in antiracist bystander intervention behaviors in response to discriminatory events, and who engages in proactive bystander behaviors in general. In the current study, 456 US community adults of diverse ethnic backgrounds (18-85 years, Mage = 48.8, 52.0% women, 212 Asian Americans) reported on their experiences with discrimination, attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, and engagement in proactive and reactive bystander behaviors. About 40% of the Asian American participants experienced COVID-related discrimination during a one-week period. Among individuals who witnessed anti-Asian discrimination during the COVID-19 outbreak, 45% of them engaged in any antiracist reactive bystander interventions. More frequent everyday discrimination experiences predicted greater odds of reactive bystander behaviors, over and above ethnicity, gender, and attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination. Initial evidence supported the utility of a new measure assessing bystander behaviors in response to racial discrimination. Prior exposure to discrimination may contribute to individuals’ active engagement in antiracist bystander behaviors. Future research directions on antiracist bystander actions and allyship are discussed.

scholarly journals Anti-Asian Discrimination and Antiracist Bystander Behaviors amid the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Kish Parikh ◽  
Shefali Katedia ◽  
Ernest Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Anti-Asian racism is a public health concern, and it has escalated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Bystanders—individuals who directly witness or become aware of acts of racism—can help by discouraging perpetrations of discrimination (and other forms of violence), offering help and support to victims, and reinforcing antiracist prosocial norms. Yet, little is known about who engages in antiracist bystander interventions in response to discriminatory events, and who engages in proactive bystander behaviors to discourage future acts of racism. In the current study, 456 US community adults of diverse ethnoracial backgrounds (18-85 years, Mage = 48.8, 52.0% women, 212 Asian Americans) reported on their experiences with discrimination, attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, and engagement in proactive and reactive bystander behaviors. About 40% of the Asian American participants experienced discrimination during a one-week period in early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among individuals who witnessed anti-Asian discrimination during the study period, 45% of them engaged in antiracist reactive bystander interventions. Controlling for ethnicity, gender, and attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, individuals who reported more frequent experiences with everyday discrimination prior to the pandemic were more likely to engage in reactive bystander behaviors in response to anti-Asian discrimination. Lifetime experiences with discrimination may contribute to individuals’ active engagement in antiracist bystander behaviors. Future research directions on antiracist bystander actions and allyship are discussed.

scholarly journals The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1754) ◽  
pp. 20170268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory C. O'Connor ◽  
Olivia J. Kirtley
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Current Article

Suicide is a major public health concern accounting for 800 000 deaths globally each year. Although there have been many advances in understanding suicide risk in recent decades, our ability to predict suicide is no better now than it was 50 years ago. There are many potential explanations for this lack of progress, but the absence, until recently, of comprehensive theoretical models that predict the emergence of suicidal ideation distinct from the transition between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts/suicide is key to this lack of progress. The current article presents the integrated motivational–volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour, one such theoretical model. We propose that defeat and entrapment drive the emergence of suicidal ideation and that a group of factors, entitled volitional moderators (VMs), govern the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour. According to the IMV model, VMs include access to the means of suicide, exposure to suicidal behaviour, capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and increased physical pain tolerance), planning, impulsivity, mental imagery and past suicidal behaviour. In this article, we describe the theoretical origins of the IMV model, the key premises underpinning the model, empirical tests of the model and future research directions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals'.

scholarly journals Governments Should Play Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Future Research Directions

Background.Gamification is concerned with the utilization of motivational affordances that create value-adding experience in the design of services. It has many applications in different fields and has been shown to be a good design methodology to influence motivation and behavioral change. Civic engagement and its online platforms could benefit from gamification, as these areas suffer from low engagement levels, thus defeating the purpose for which they are created. Purpose. There is a lack of understanding of how civic engagement platforms should be gamified to sustain active engagement and assist in community building, while also fulfilling their operational objectives. This article aims to provide a theoretical framework and guidelines for the gamification of civic engagement platforms. Contribution. A theoretical framework for the gamification of civic engagement platforms is presented, drawing upon self-determination theory and democratic deliberation theory. Through this work, we also identify future research directions and highlight the need for research on related subjects.

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