scholarly journals The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1754) ◽  
pp. 20170268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory C. O'Connor ◽  
Olivia J. Kirtley
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Current Article

Suicide is a major public health concern accounting for 800 000 deaths globally each year. Although there have been many advances in understanding suicide risk in recent decades, our ability to predict suicide is no better now than it was 50 years ago. There are many potential explanations for this lack of progress, but the absence, until recently, of comprehensive theoretical models that predict the emergence of suicidal ideation distinct from the transition between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts/suicide is key to this lack of progress. The current article presents the integrated motivational–volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour, one such theoretical model. We propose that defeat and entrapment drive the emergence of suicidal ideation and that a group of factors, entitled volitional moderators (VMs), govern the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour. According to the IMV model, VMs include access to the means of suicide, exposure to suicidal behaviour, capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and increased physical pain tolerance), planning, impulsivity, mental imagery and past suicidal behaviour. In this article, we describe the theoretical origins of the IMV model, the key premises underpinning the model, empirical tests of the model and future research directions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals'.

E-learning adoption in higher education: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 026666692110082
Author(s):  
Maria Ijaz Baig ◽  
Liyana Shuib ◽  
Elaheh Yadegaridehkordi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Future Research Directions

In recent years, e-learning has become pivotal in higher education sectors. Researchers are correlating novel approaches with e-learning to facilitate education. However, despite the increase in e-learning research, there is still a lack of comprehensive literature analysis of e-learning in the higher education sector. Thus, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review of the literature on e-learning in higher education. This study classifies the selected studies according to the focus of the study, utilizes a theoretical model and framework, and research methods. Also, it presents limitations and future research directions of e-learning in the higher education sector. A systematic approach is conducted, and a total of 47 relevant articles published between the year 2011 and 2019 were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings on selected studies focus on the adoption, acceptance, readiness, and user insight, as well as e-learning expansion and challenges in the higher education sector. This study also classified theoretical models and frameworks based on their usage in the pre-adoption, adoption, and post-adoption stages. The findings revealed that most of the theoretical models and frameworks were used at the post-adoption stage. Nevertheless, this study revealed that most of the current studies in this domain were conducted using a quantitative research approach. Finally, this study highlighted limitations and presented possible future research directions as a guide for further enhancement in e-learning and higher education studies.

Plexcitonic strong coupling: unique features, applications, and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Wenjie Zhou ◽  
Yan-Hui Deng ◽  
Ya-Qin Zheng ◽  
Zhong-Hong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
General Field ◽  
Coupling Dynamics ◽  
Future Research Directions

Abstract There are, recently, remarkable achievements in turning light-matter interactions into strong coupling quantum regime. In particular, room temperature plexcitonic strong coupling in plasmon-exciton hybrid systems can bring promising benefits for fundamental and applied physics. Herein we will review theoretical insights and recent experimental achievements in plexcitonic strong coupling and divide this review into two main parts. The first part will briefly introduce the general field of strong coupling, including its origin and history, physical mechanisms and theoretical models, as well as recent advanced applications of strong coupling, such as the quantum or biochemical devices enabled by optical strong coupling. The second part will zoom in and concentrate on plexcitonic strong coupling by introducing its unique features and new potentials (such as single-particle ultrastrong coupling, strong coupling dynamics in femtosecond scale) and discussing the limitations and challenges of plexcitonic strong coupling, which will also be accompanied by potential solutions such as the microcavity-engineered plexcitonics, spectral hold burning effects, and metamaterial-based strong coupling. Finally, we will summarize and conclude this review, highlighting the future research directions and promising applications.

scholarly journals Anti-Asian Discrimination and Antiracist Bystander Behaviors amid the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Kish Parikh ◽  
Shefali Katedia ◽  
Ernest Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Anti-Asian racism is a public health concern, and it has escalated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Bystanders—individuals who witness acts of racism—can help by discouraging perpetrations of discrimination (and other forms of interpersonal violence), offering help and support to victims, and reinforcing (antiracist) prosocial norms. Yet, little is known about who engages in antiracist bystander intervention behaviors in response to discriminatory events, and who engages in proactive bystander behaviors in general. In the current study, 456 US community adults of diverse ethnic backgrounds (18-85 years, Mage = 48.8, 52.0% women, 212 Asian Americans) reported on their experiences with discrimination, attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, and engagement in proactive and reactive bystander behaviors. About 40% of the Asian American participants experienced COVID-related discrimination during a one-week period. Among individuals who witnessed anti-Asian discrimination during the COVID-19 outbreak, 45% of them engaged in any antiracist reactive bystander interventions. More frequent everyday discrimination experiences predicted greater odds of reactive bystander behaviors, over and above ethnicity, gender, and attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination. Initial evidence supported the utility of a new measure assessing bystander behaviors in response to racial discrimination. Prior exposure to discrimination may contribute to individuals’ active engagement in antiracist bystander behaviors. Future research directions on antiracist bystander actions and allyship are discussed.

Return Visits: A Review of how Web Site Design Can Engender Visitor Loyalty

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Web Site Design ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Return Visits

Both the use of Web sites and the empirical knowledge as to what constitutes effective Web site design has grown exponentially in recent years. The aim of the current article is to outline the history and key elements of Web site design in an e-commerce context - primarily in the period 2002-2012. It was in 2002 that a Special Issue of ISR was focused on ‘Measuring e-Commerce in Net-Enabled Organizations.’ Before this, work was conducted on Web site design, but much of it was anecdotal. Systematic, empirical research and modeling of Web site design to dependent variables like trust, satisfaction, and loyalty until then had not receive substantial focus - at least in the information systems domain. In addition to an overview of empirical findings, this article has a practical focus on what designers must know about Web site elements if they are to provide compelling user experiences, taking into account the site's likely users. To this end, the article elaborates components of effective Web site design, user characteristics, and the online context that impact Web usage and acceptance, and design issues as they are relevant to diverse users including those in global markets. Web site elements that result in positive business impact are articulated. This retrospective on Web site design concludes with an overview of future research directions and current developments.

scholarly journals A review of mindful parenting

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110370
Author(s):  
Nigela Ahemaitijiang ◽  
Huiting Fang ◽  
Yaxuan Ren ◽  
Zhuo Rachel Han ◽  
Nirbhay N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mindful Parenting ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Robust Measures

The benefits of mindfulness are widely recognized, and it has received increasing research attention. Recently, researchers have extended the concept and practice of mindfulness to the parent–child relationship and proposed the construct of mindful parenting, that is, parenting with mindfulness. However, mindful parenting is a relatively new concept in the field of family studies, and the contents, psychometrically robust measures, outcomes, and cultivation methods of mindful parenting warrant in-depth exploration. This article presents a systematic review of mindful parenting. We first conceptualized mindful parenting by consolidating the existence of this construct. Then, we summarized various measurements to assess this construct, and reviewed theoretical models and empirical research on the roles of mindful parenting. We also illustrated the ways to enhance mindful parenting and provided current evidence regarding these methods. Further, we discussed the limitations in this field and proposed future research directions.

Rumination, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts: A Meta-Analytic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
G 38 ◽  
K 13 ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
K 12

Rumination has been implicated as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and attempts, yet the literature to date has not been synthesized. We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between rumination and both suicidal ideation and attempts to consolidate the existing literature ( k = 29). Results indicated that the relationships between global rumination ( k = 13; Hedge's g = .74, p < .001, 95% CI [.45, 1.04]), brooding ( k = 12; Hedge's g = .63, p < .001, 95% CI [.35, .90]), and reflection ( k = 12; Hedge's g = .38, p = .002, 95% CI [.10, .65]) with suicidal ideation were significant. Associations between global rumination ( k = 3; Hedge's g = .26, p < .001, 95% CI [.08, .44]) and brooding ( k = 4; Hedge's g = .47, p = .004, 95% CI [.02, .91]) and suicide attempts were significant, but reflection ( k = 4; Hedge's g = .09, p = .646, 95% CI [−.54, .72]) was unrelated. However, given the limited studies included in suicide attempt analyses—and the exclusive use of cross-sectional designs and heterogeneity with regard to samples and measures—these parameters should be taken with caution. Generally, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and year of publication were not moderators, and there was little evidence for publication bias across effects, with the exception of the effect of global rumination on suicidal ideation. Several future research directions are discussed.

Information Sharing in Cybersecurity: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pala ◽  
Jun Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

In this survey, we review the cybersecurity information-sharing literature, categorizing the identified papers based on their main focus and methodological approaches implemented to the cybersecurity information-sharing problem. We constitute our research framework on the major considerations of firms, governments, citizens, and adversaries. This includes actors involved, types of information to be shared, current legal baseline, information-sharing organizations/policies/architectures, benefits of sharing, and concerns/costs/barriers of sharing. We observe that both qualitative and quantitative approaches are implemented in the literature. In general, quantitative approaches have been dedicated to discuss the challenges and barriers of public/private collaboration in information sharing, such as privacy and liability, and to propose secure and effective sharing mechanisms. On the other hand, quantitative approaches have been more interested in developing models that balance cybersecurity investment and information sharing as well as provide effective incentive mechanisms. This review summarizes the academic efforts in cybersecurity information sharing by analyzing 82 identified papers with their methodological approaches. The papers using game-theoretical models are dominant in the literature as we spend more time summarizing those efforts. We conclude the review by providing potential research gaps and future research directions.

scholarly journals Anti-Asian Discrimination and Antiracist Bystander Behaviors amid the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Kish Parikh ◽  
Shefali Katedia ◽  
Ernest Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Anti-Asian racism is a public health concern, and it has escalated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Bystanders—individuals who directly witness or become aware of acts of racism—can help by discouraging perpetrations of discrimination (and other forms of violence), offering help and support to victims, and reinforcing antiracist prosocial norms. Yet, little is known about who engages in antiracist bystander interventions in response to discriminatory events, and who engages in proactive bystander behaviors to discourage future acts of racism. In the current study, 456 US community adults of diverse ethnoracial backgrounds (18-85 years, Mage = 48.8, 52.0% women, 212 Asian Americans) reported on their experiences with discrimination, attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, and engagement in proactive and reactive bystander behaviors. About 40% of the Asian American participants experienced discrimination during a one-week period in early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among individuals who witnessed anti-Asian discrimination during the study period, 45% of them engaged in antiracist reactive bystander interventions. Controlling for ethnicity, gender, and attitudes about the acceptability of discrimination, individuals who reported more frequent experiences with everyday discrimination prior to the pandemic were more likely to engage in reactive bystander behaviors in response to anti-Asian discrimination. Lifetime experiences with discrimination may contribute to individuals’ active engagement in antiracist bystander behaviors. Future research directions on antiracist bystander actions and allyship are discussed.

scholarly journals Gamification in Science Education. A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Michail Kalogiannakis ◽  
Stamatios Papadakis ◽  
Alkinoos-Ioannis Zourmpakis
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
Academic Resources

The implementation of gamification in education has attracted many researchers to increase engagement and achieve learning more effectively. Implementing technology in science curricula has seen a massive influx over the past years to stop the decline in students’ motivation towards science learning and promote scientific thinking. This study’s objective is to present the empirical findings of the state-of-the-art literature on the use of gamification in science education. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of 24 empirical research papers published in various electronic databases and the web search engine for scholarly literature and academic resources, Google Scholar, between 2012 and 2020. This review reveals the latest emerging trends of gamification in science education while revealing the literature gap, challenges, impediments, and extending the possibilities for future research directions. It examines the conflicting findings of other studies and provides a framework and insight for future researchers regarding content areas, educational levels, theoretical models, outcomes, methodologies, game elements, and assessment tools.

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