Evaluations of anxious others: Using cluster analyses to explore the co-existence of positive and negative evaluations and social anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ferguson ◽  
Allison Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Clinical Theory ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Negative Attributes

Introduction: Research on individuals with social anxiety has primarily focused on their evaluations of themselves before, during, and after social situations. However, our most evidence-based treatment remains not effective for some. Considering social and clinical theory, we wonder if some people with social anxiety experience negative evaluations of others. Prior studies tested for group-based differences, which does not allow for the possibility that only a subset of people with social anxiety evaluate others negatively. Across two studies, we use cluster analyses to determine how social anxiety and negative other-evaluations co-vary. Methods: 267 (study 1) and 290 (study 2) unselected participants completed an online survey, including two measures modified for the current study: Modified-Interpretation and Judgemental Questionnaire (M-IJQ) and Modified Ways of Thinking about Social Behaviour Questionnaire (M-WTSBQ). Participants read several vignettes and judged the hypothetical anxious person across several positive and negative attributes (M-IJQ). Results: Results from the cluster analysis revealed consistent groups of individuals across both studies, including people with: 1) severe social anxiety and no judgements; 2) low social anxiety and no judgements; 3) mild-to-moderate social anxiety and positive judgements; and 4) some social anxiety who disagreed with all judgements. We discuss how these clusters relate to thoughts about themselves and others on the M-WTSBQ. Discussion: Previous research has been mixed on the presence of negative evaluations of others in social anxiety. This study clarifies some of the confusion by revealing subgroups of individuals with varying social anxiety and judgements of others.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Selective Mutism in Non-clinical 3- to 6-Year-Old Children: Relations With Social Anxiety, Autistic Features, and Behavioral Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Nona Monait ◽  
Lotte Weijsters ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Abundant Evidence

Selective mutism (SM) is a psychiatric condition that is characterized by a failure to speak in specific social situations (e. g., at school) despite speaking normally in other situations (e.g., at home). There is abundant evidence that anxiety, and social anxiety in particular, is a prominent feature of SM, which is the main reason why this condition is currently classified as an anxiety disorder. Meanwhile, there is increasing support for the notion that autism-related problems are also involved in SM. The present study examined the relations between SM and social anxiety, autistic features, and behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar (i.e., the tendency to react with restraint and withdrawal when confronted with unfamiliar stimuli and situations). Parents of 172 3- to 6-year-old preschool children completed an online survey for measuring the relevant constructs. Results showed that there were positive and statistically significant correlations between SM and social anxiety, autistic features, and behavioral inhibition. Regression analyses revealed that (1) both social anxiety and autistic features accounted for a significant and unique proportion of the variance in SM scores, and (2) that both of these variables no longer made a significant contribution once behavioral inhibition was added to the model. It can be concluded that while the involvement of social anxiety is unambiguous in SM, autism-related problems are also implicated. Furthermore, behavioral inhibition seems to play a key role in the non-speaking behavior of non-clinical young children.

scholarly journals Exploring health professionals understanding of evidence based treatment for idiopathic toe walking: a cross-sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cylie Williams ◽  
Kelly Gray ◽  
Nina Davies ◽  
Marybeth Barkocy ◽  
Michael Fahey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Idiopathic Toe Walking ◽  
Kappa Agreement ◽  
Toe Walking

Abstract Background Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is an exclusionary diagnosis and varies in severity, from those children with full range of ankle motion, to those with associated ankle equinus. In the absence of a consensus in the treatment for this gait pattern, many clinicians are faced with challenges in understanding available evidence-based treatment options. The research aim was to understand agreement between health professionals’ knowledge of evidence for common treatment strategies for idiopathic toe walking (ITW) and if health professionals supported these strategies being used in clinical practice. Methods: An international online survey was opened to registered health professionals who treat children with ITW between July 2017 and March 2018. The survey had two components: 1) demographic variables and variables relating to knowledge of evidence about ITW treatments and 2) support for common treatment strategies. Additional data on strategy use, referrals, and preference were collected. Kappa statistics described intra-rater agreement between evidence knowledge and support. Multivariable regression analyses identified factors associated with the 10 most commonly preferred treatments. Results: There were 908 international responses. Kappa agreement for paired correct responses determined a fair agreement for evidence support knowledge for four strategies including Watch and Wait (Kappa=0.24), Stretching (Kappa=0.30), Sensory Integration Strategies (Kappa=0.40) and Motor Control Strategies (Kappa =0.24) and moderate responses for thirteen others. No strategies had greater than moderate agreement between correct knowledge of evidence and strategy support. Profession, location, number of children seen in practice, and not correctly identifying the evidence factored into many of the most commonly used strategies for ITW (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results from this study confirm a variety of interventions are utilised in the management of ITW around the world. Furthermore, there remains a disconnect between clinicians understanding of the evidence of common treatment strategies of ITW and a consensus for the treatment of this condition.

scholarly journals Sustained Adoption of an Evidence-Based Treatment: A Survey of Clinicians Certified in Problem-Solving Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Crabb ◽  
Patricia A. Areán ◽  
Mark T. Hegel
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Case Supervision

Training models that incorporate case supervision in addition to didactic instruction appear to be effective in maximizing clinicians’ proficiency in evidence-based treatments (EBTs). However, it is unknown the extent to which these models promote sustained adoption of EBTs. We describe the results of an online survey on post-training utilization of an EBT, problem-solving therapy (PST), among 40 clinicians highly trained in PST. Seventy-five percent of the survey’s 40 respondents reported that they continued to use PST in their clinical practices. Many PST-trained clinicians reported that they had modified the PST protocol in their clinical practices according to patient characteristics or preferences. Considering these results, we recommend emphasizing patient variability and treatment tailoring throughout the training process as a means for promoting clinicians’ sustained adoption of EBTs.

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