scholarly journals Tachyons but Not Photons Might Generate Conscious Dreams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Vision ◽  
Human Awareness

We had learnt from cognitive vision that involuntarily visual awareness should be generated by exogenous stimuli; but not indigenous! Given the complexity of understanding the reasons behind the rapid eye movements during vivid dreams; dreams that carry highly bizarre information; dreams that disallow the human subjects to have control over what they see; these types of dreams should be therefore reside under the umbrella of the “involuntary human awareness”. We therefore suggest possibilities of physical particles that could carry the visual information of these extraordinary exogenous stimuli; particles that should be able to invade the human’s eyes while they are closed; particles that have the ability to move the eye rapidly aiming for perfect transformation of the visual information. The present research aims to talk about these particles, proposes scenarios of how human eye & retina deal with them.

scholarly journals fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Charles Chong-Hwa Hong ◽  
James H. Fallon ◽  
Karl J. Friston
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements

System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical processing of visual information in a time-locked manner, where REMs index the generation and scanning of virtual-world models, through multisensory integration in dreaming—as in awake states. Default mode network (DMN) activity increases during rest and reduces during various tasks including visual perception. The implicit anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN)—that persists in REM sleep—prompted us to focus on DMN responses to temporally-precise REM events. We timed REMs during sleep from the video recordings and quantified the neural correlates of REMs—using functional MRI (fMRI)—in 24 independent studies of 11 healthy participants. A reanalysis of these data revealed that the cortical areas exempt from widespread REM-locked brain activation were restricted to the DMN. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a modest temporally-precise REM-locked decrease—phasic deactivation—in key DMN nodes, in a subset of independent studies. These results are consistent with hierarchical predictive coding; namely, permissive deactivation of DMN at the top of the hierarchy (leading to the widespread cortical activation at lower levels; especially the primary visual cortex). Additional findings indicate REM-locked cerebral vasodilation and suggest putative mechanisms for dream forgetting.

Eye movements in sports research and practice: Immersive technologies as optimal environments for the study of gaze behaviour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harris ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Tim Holmes ◽  
Toby de Burgh ◽  
Samuel James Vine
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Immersive Technologies

Head-mounted eye tracking has been fundamental for developing an understanding of sporting expertise, as the way in which performers sample visual information from the environment is a major determinant of successful performance. There is, however, a long running tension between the desire to study realistic, in-situ gaze behaviour and the difficulties of acquiring accurate ocular measurements in dynamic and fast-moving sporting tasks. Here, we describe how immersive technologies, such as virtual reality, offer an increasingly compelling approach for conducting eye movement research in sport. The possibility of studying gaze behaviour in representative and realistic environments, but with high levels of experimental control, could enable significant strides forward for eye tracking in sport and improve understanding of how eye movements underpin sporting skills. By providing a rationale for virtual reality as an optimal environment for eye tracking research, as well as outlining practical considerations related to hardware, software and data analysis, we hope to guide researchers and practitioners in the use of this approach.

Stochastic modeling of Lévy-like human eye movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 043129
Author(s):  
Piotr Błażejczyk ◽  
Marcin Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Stochastic Modeling ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Human Eye Movements

Vision without Contours: Study of Visual Information from Ordinal Stimulation

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern ◽  
Moving Pattern ◽  
Sinusoidal Function

Continuous change of illuminance over retinal area in accordance with the sinusoidal function was studied as a stimulus for the human visual system. Its efficiency in controlling pursuit eye movements was compared with that of a stepwise luminance function (square wave). Such distributions of luminance were generated on a cathode ray screen (wavelength at the eye 9° and 3°) and were given a small translatory motion (2° – 12′). Ss were instructed to follow the moving pattern with pursuit eye movements. There is no difference in performance between the two types of brightness distributions. A stimulus motion of 24′ was sufficient to produce full evidence of eye tracking in all Ss also from the contour-free sinusoidal pattern. This means that the brightness change in every point of the CRT screen was far below the retinal sensitivity threshold at the illuminance level used. Thus a summation effect occurs. This was taken as a support for an hypothesis about “ordinal” stimulation. Arguments from modern neurophysiology are introduced and yield further support for the conclusion.

Effects of diphenhydramine on human eye movements

1995 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hopfenbeck ◽  
Deborah S. Cowley ◽  
Allen Radant ◽  
Peter P. Roy-Byrne ◽  
David J. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Human Eye Movements
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