scholarly journals Adult age differences in refreshing and elaboration and their consequences for working memory and long-term memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Maria Bartsch ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences

Older adults show a pronounced decline in long-term memory (LTM), but the source of this deficit is still debated. The present study investigated whether deficient engagement in refreshing and elaboration at the level of working memory (WM) causes this deficit. Our results show that the benefit of refreshing in WM was unaffected by age. Refreshing had no effect on LTM in both young and older adults. Elaboration benefited LTM in young adults, but not in older adults. Therefore, the LTM deficit of older adults might arise at least in part from a deficit in the process of elaboration.

Adult Age Differences in Accessing and Retrieving Information From Long-term Memory

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Petros ◽  
H. D. Zehr ◽  
R. J. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences

scholarly journals The Effects of Elaboration on Working Memory and Long-term Memory across Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Maria Bartsch ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Term Memory

Free time to attend to and process information in working memory is key in promotingimmediate and delayed retention. One candidate process to cause this benefit is elaboration. Weconducted three experiments with young adults – two of which included older adults – toinvestigate whether free time is used for elaboration, and whether elaboration causes the free-timebenefit. Participants remembered lists of nouns, interleaved with short or long free-time intervals,or with filler words connecting all the nouns into a meaningful sentence to assist elaboration. Foryoung adults, assisted elaboration through sentences, and the additional instruction to form amental image, benefited performance in a working-memory test as much as longer free time, butnot more. In contrast, for a delayed test of long-term memory, the benefits of sentence elaborationexceeded those of longer free time. Older adults did not benefit from assisted elaborations in thedelayed test, providing further evidence that the long-term memory deficit of older adults arises atleast in part from a deficit in elaboration. This elaboration deficit is not driven by a deficit ingenerating richer representations.

Adult age differences in short-term memory and subsequent long-term memory for actions.

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Kausler ◽  
Judith G. Wiley ◽  
Karen J. Lieberwitz
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences

scholarly journals Retrospective Attention in Short-Term Memory Has a Lasting Effect on Long-Term Memory Across Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Strunk ◽  
Lauren Morgan ◽  
Sarah Reaves ◽  
Paul Verhaeghen ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Objectives Declines in both short- and long-term memory are typical of healthy aging. Recent findings suggest that retrodictive attentional cues (“retro-cues”) that indicate the location of to-be-probed items in short-term memory (STM) have a lasting impact on long-term memory (LTM) performance in young adults. Whether older adults can also use retro-cues to facilitate both STM and LTM is unknown. Method Young and older adults performed a visual STM task in which spatially informative retro-cues or noninformative neutral-cues were presented during STM maintenance of real-world objects. We tested participants’ memory at both STM and LTM delays for objects that were previously cued with retrodictive or neutral-cues during STM order to measure the lasting impact of retrospective attention on LTM. Results Older adults showed reduced STM and LTM capacity compared to young adults. However, they showed similar magnitude retro-cue memory benefits as young adults at both STM and LTM delays. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate whether retro-cues in STM facilitate the encoding of objects into LTM such that they are more likely to be subsequently retrieved by older adults. Our results support the idea that retrospective attention can be an effective means by which older adults can improve their STM and LTM performance, even in the context of reduced memory capacity.

scholarly journals Does limited working memory capacity underlie age differences in associative long-term memory?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea M. Bartsch ◽  
Vanessa M. Loaiza ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Retrospective attention facilitates short and long-term memory across age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Strunk ◽  
Lauren Morgan ◽  
Sarah Reaves ◽  
Paul Verhaeghen ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Declines in both short and long-term memory are typical of healthy aging. Recent findings suggest that retrospective attentional cues ("retro-cues") that indicate the location of to-be-probed items enhance both short (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) performance in young adults. Whether older adults can also use retro-cues to facilitate both STM and LTM memory is unknown.Young and older adults performed a visual STM task in which spatially informative retro-cues or non-informative neutral-cues were presented during STM maintenance of real-world objects. We tested participants' memory for retro-cued and neutral-cued objects at both at short and long delays in order to measure the effect of retrospective attention on STM and LTM. Older adults showed reduced STM and LTM capacity compared to young adults. However, they showed similar magnitude retro-cue memory benefits as young adults at both STM and LTM delays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate whether retro-cues improve both STM and LTM in older adults. Our results support the idea that retrospective attention can be an effective means by which older adults can improve their short and long-term memory performance, even in the context of reduced memory capacity.

scholarly journals 0119 The Role of Aging and Working Memory in Emotional-Long Term Memory Formation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A47-A47
Author(s):  
N Sattari ◽  
L Whitehurst ◽  
K Vinces ◽  
S Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Condition Interaction

Abstract Introduction It is widely accepted that “offline” processes during sleep contributes to memory. Working Memory (WM) capacity, which reflects “online” memory processing, is an important factor influencing cognitive functioning, which declines with age. In younger individuals, a positive association is reported between WM-capacity and declarative memory improvement. Methods We examined the relation between WM and long-term memory consolidation, among younger [N=105, 18-25yr] and older adults (N=119, 60-85yr). Subjects completed an OSPAN WM task, encoded a Word-Paired Association (WPA) task in the morning (Test1), and were tested on the WPA in the afternoon (Test2) after a 90-minute polysomnographically-recorded nap or wake. Half of the subjects were exposed to negatively valenced word-pairs (EWPA) while the other half were exposed to neutral word-pairs (NWPA). Subjects rated valence of the word-pairs at Test1 and Test2. We compared the four groups (young-EWPA, young-NWPA, old-EWPA and old-NWPA) on WM and WPA in both wake and sleep. Results In both wake and sleep, in the WPA, ageXword-condition interaction was found (p=.004). Post-hoc analysis revealed that in wake, younger-EWPA had higher performance (p=.03) than younger-NWPA, however, older-EWPA had lower performance (p=.03) than older-NWPA. Additionally, we found an ageXword-condition interaction whereby youngers showed no change in ratings, while older adults rated word-pairs more positively both in wake (p=.03) and sleep (p=.002) at Test 2. Youngers had higher WM performance (p=.007), also their WM performance was positively associated with WPA both for Neutral (p=.03) and Emotional (p=.01). WM and WPA among older adults was not related. In younger-EWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated to WPA improvement (p=.03) where this association was negative among older-EWPA (p=.02). In older-NWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated with WPA (p=.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate an association between WM and emotionally-salient memory formation that is modulated by age. Older adults, but not younger, showed the emotional bias previously reported. WM was higher in younger adults related to memory improvement. Stage2-sleep was related to memory improvement in both groups, but in opposite directions. In sum, the role of sleep in memory consolidation changes with aging and WM may play a role in this process. Support Fenn et al.,2012

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Lure Discrimination Difficulties on the Mnemonic Similarity Task Are Significantly Correlated With Their Visual Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S R Davidson ◽  
Petar Vidjen ◽  
Sara Trincao-Batra ◽  
Charles A Collin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Pattern separation in memory encoding entails creating and storing distinct, detailed representations to facilitate storage and retrieval. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST; Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. [2013]. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation [BPS] in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442–2449) has been used to argue that normal aging leads to pattern separation decline. We sought to replicate previous reports of age-related difficulty on this behavioral pattern separation estimate and to examine its neuropsychological correlates, specifically long-term memory function, executive function, and visual perception. Methods We administered an object version of the MST to 31 young adults and 38 older adults. It involved a single-probe recognition memory test in which some of the originally studied objects had been replaced with perceptually similar lures, and participants had to identify each as old, a lure, or new. Results Despite their corrected item recognition scores being superior to those of the young adults, the older adults had significantly greater difficulty than the young in discriminating the similar-looking lures from the original items. Interestingly, this lure discrimination difficulty was significantly correlated with visual perception rather than with long-term memory or executive function. Discussion These results suggest that although adult age differences on the MST are reliable, care should be taken to separate perceptual from memory discrimination difficulties as the reason.

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