scholarly journals Can item effects explain away the evidence for unconscious sound symbolism? An adversarial commentary on Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels and Moors (2019)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Rabagliati ◽  
Tom Heyman ◽  
Pieter Moors
Keyword(s):  
Replication Study ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Item Effects ◽  
Apparent Evidence

Apparent evidence for unconscious sound symbolism is probably artifactual: Commentary on Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels and Moors (in press). Sound-symbolism effects in the absence of awareness: A replication study. Psychological Science, 0956797619875482. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619875482

scholarly journals Apparent evidence for unconscious sound symbolism is probably artifactual: Commentary on Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels and Moors (in press).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Rabagliati
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Item Effects ◽  
Apparent Evidence ◽  
Surprising Finding

Sound symbolism refers to the intuition that a word’s sound should match the characteristics of its referents – e.g., kiki should label something spiky – and its prevalence and systematicity provide compelling evidence for an intuitive mapping between linguistic form and meaning. Striking recent work (Hung, Styles, & Hsieh, 2017) suggests that these mappings may have an unconscious basis, such that participants can compute the fit between a word’s sound and an object’s shape when both are masked from awareness. This surprising finding replicated in the pre-registered report by Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels and Moors (2019), with potentially far-reaching implications for the role of awareness in language processing (Hassin, 2013; Rabagliati, Robertson, & Carmel, 2018). However, as I demonstrate, it is an artifact of the stimuli used. Once item effects are accounted for, these data provide no evidence that sound symbolism, and language more generally, can be processed without awareness.

scholarly journals Sound-Symbolism Effects in the Absence of Awareness: A Replication Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1638-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Heyman ◽  
Anne-Sofie Maerten ◽  
Hendrik Vankrunkelsven ◽  
Wouter Voorspoels ◽  
Pieter Moors
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Round Shape

People have been shown to link particular sounds with particular shapes. For instance, the round-sounding nonword bouba tends to be associated with curved shapes, whereas the sharp-sounding nonword kiki is deemed to be related to angular shapes. People’s tendency to associate sounds and shapes has been observed across different languages. In the present study, we reexamined the claim by Hung, Styles, and Hsieh (2017) that such sound–shape mappings can occur before an individual becomes aware of the visual stimuli. More precisely, we replicated their first experiment, in which congruent and incongruent stimuli (e.g., bouba presented in a round shape or an angular shape, respectively) were rendered invisible through continuous flash suppression. The results showed that congruent combinations, on average, broke suppression faster than incongruent combinations, thus providing converging evidence for Hung and colleagues’ assertions. Collectively, these findings now provide a solid basis from which to explore the boundary conditions of the effect.

scholarly journals Sound-symbolism effects in the absence of awareness. A replication study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Heyman ◽  
Anne-Sofie Maerten ◽  
Hendrik Vankrunkelsven ◽  
Wouter Voorspoels ◽  
Pieter Moors
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression

People have been shown to link particular sounds with particular shapes. For instance, the round-sounding non-word bouba tends to be associated with curved shapes, whereas the sharp-sounding non-word kiki is deemed to be related to angular shapes. This tendency of people to associate sounds and shapes has been observed across different languages. In the present study, we re-examined the claim of Hung, Styles, and Hsieh (2017) that such sound-shape mappings can occur before becoming aware of the visual stimuli. More precisely, we replicated their first experiment in which congruent and incongruent stimuli (e.g., bouba presented in a round or an angular shape, respectively) were rendered invisible through continuous flash suppression. The results showed that congruent combinations, on average, broke suppression faster than incongruent stimuli, thus providing converging evidence for Hung and colleagues’ assertions. Collectively, these findings now provide a solid basis from which to explore the boundary conditions of the effect.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Translocation Relative to Range

Methodology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Höfler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Difference ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Variance Parameters ◽  
Standardized Index ◽  
Maximum Possible Magnitude

A standardized index for effect intensity, the translocation relative to range (TRR), is discussed. TRR is defined as the difference between the expectations of an outcome under two conditions (the absolute increment) divided by the maximum possible amount for that difference. TRR measures the shift caused by a factor relative to the maximum possible magnitude of that shift. For binary outcomes, TRR simply equals the risk difference, also known as the inverse number needed to treat. TRR ranges from –1 to 1 but is – unlike a correlation coefficient – a measure for effect intensity, because it does not rely on variance parameters in a certain population as do effect size measures (e.g., correlations, Cohen’s d). However, the use of TRR is restricted on outcomes with fixed and meaningful endpoints given, for instance, for meaningful psychological questionnaires or Likert scales. The use of TRR vs. Cohen’s d is illustrated with three examples from Psychological Science 2006 (issues 5 through 8). It is argued that, whenever TRR applies, it should complement Cohen’s d to avoid the problems related to the latter. In any case, the absolute increment should complement d.

Lessons learned from a life in psychological science: Implications for young scientists.

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick P. Morgeson ◽  
Martin E. P. Seligman ◽  
Robert J. Sternberg ◽  
Shelley E. Taylor ◽  
Christina M. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Psychological Science

Approaching psychological science with Kuhn's eyes.

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd B. Kashdan ◽  
Michael F. Steger
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Science
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