Conceptual disorganization and redistribution of resting state cortical hubs in untreated first episode psychosis: A 7T MRI study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avyarthana Dey ◽  
Kara Dempster ◽  
Michael Mackinley ◽  
Peter Jeon ◽  
Tushar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background:Network level dysconnectivity has been studied in positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Conceptual disorganization (CD) is a symptom subtype which predicts impaired real-world functioning in psychosis. Systematic reviews have reported aberrant connectivity in formal thought disorder, a construct related to CD. However, no studies have investigated whole-brain functional correlates of CD in psychosis. We sought to investigate brain regions explaining the severity of CD in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEPs) compared with healthy controls (HCs).Methods:We computed whole-brain binarized degree centrality maps of 31 FEPs, 25 HCs and characterized the patterns of network connectivity in the two groups. In FEPs, we related these findings to the severity of CD. We also studied the effect of positive and negative symptoms on altered network connectivity.Results:Compared to HCs, reduced hubness of a right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) cluster was observed in the FEPs. In patients exhibiting high CD, increased hubness of a medial superior parietal (mSPL) cluster was observed, compared to patients exhibiting low CD. These two regions were strongly correlated with CD scores but not with other symptom scores.Discussion:Our observations are congruent with previous findings of reduced but not increased hubness. We observed increased hubness of mSPL suggesting that cortical reorganization occurs to provide alternate routes for information transfer.Conclusion:These findings provide insight into the underlying neural processes mediating the presentation of symptoms in untreated FEP. A longitudinal tracking of the symptom course will be useful to assess the mechanisms underlying these compensatory changes.

scholarly journals Conceptual disorganization and redistribution of resting-state cortical hubs in untreated first-episode psychosis: A 7T study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avyarthana Dey ◽  
Kara Dempster ◽  
Michael MacKinley ◽  
Peter Jeon ◽  
Tushar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractNetwork-level dysconnectivity has been studied in positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Conceptual disorganization (CD) is a symptom subtype that predicts impaired real-world functioning in psychosis. Systematic reviews have reported aberrant connectivity in formal thought disorder, a construct related to CD. However, no studies have investigated whole-brain functional correlates of CD in psychosis. We sought to investigate brain regions explaining the severity of CD in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEPs) compared with healthy controls (HCs). We computed whole-brain binarized degree centrality maps of 31 FEPs, 25 HCs, and characterized the patterns of network connectivity in the 2 groups. In FEPs, we related these findings to the severity of CD. We also studied the effect of positive and negative symptoms on altered network connectivity. Compared to HCs, reduced centrality of a right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) cluster was observed in the FEPs. In patients exhibiting high CD, increased centrality of a medial superior parietal (mSPL) cluster was observed, compared to patients exhibiting low CD. This cluster was strongly correlated with CD scores but not with other symptom scores. Our observations are congruent with previous findings of reduced but not increased centrality. We observed increased centrality of mSPL suggesting that cortical reorganization occurs to provide alternate routes for information transfer. These findings provide insight into the underlying neural processes mediating the presentation of symptoms in untreated FEP. Longitudinal tracking of the symptom course will be useful to assess the mechanisms underlying these compensatory changes.

Toxic psychosis? Duration of untreated psychosis, symptomatology and cognitive deterioration in first episode psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lawoyin ◽  
Keith Gaynor ◽  
Barbara Dooley ◽  
Elizabeth Lawlor ◽  
Mary Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deterioration ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractObjectives: To examine the relationship between cognitive deficits, the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and positive and negative symptoms in a first episode psychosis sample.Method: We assessed a consecutive sample of first episode psychosis participants from a catchment area service with a comprehensive neuropsychology battery, a family and service-user based measure of DUP and measures of symptomatology.Results: Using correlations and stepwise linear regressions, we found strong relationships between measures of DUP and positive symptomatology. We found that positive and negative symptoms were associated with different time periods within DUP. However, we did not find evidence of a relationship between DUP and cognitive factors.Conclusions: There was no evidence of a relationship between DUP and cognitive deterioration. However, there does appear to be evidence of a relationship between positive symptoms and aspects of DUP. These results highlight the importance of the heterogeneity of DUP and the potential to reduce positive symptoms through early intervention.

Road to full recovery: longitudinal relationship between symptomatic remission and psychosocial recovery in first-episode psychosis over 7.5 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Álvarez-Jiménez ◽  
J. F. Gleeson ◽  
L. P. Henry ◽  
S. M. Harrigan ◽  
M. G. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Symptom Remission ◽  
Remission Criteria ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundIn recent years there has been increasing interest in functional recovery in the early phase of schizophrenia. Concurrently, new remission criteria have been proposed and several studies have examined their clinical relevance for prediction of functional outcome in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, the longitudinal interrelationship between full functional recovery (FFR) and symptom remission has not yet been investigated. This study sought to: (1) examine the relationships between FFR and symptom remission in FEP over 7.5 years; (2) test two different models of the interaction between both variables.MethodAltogether, 209 FEP patients treated at a specialized early psychosis service were assessed at baseline, 8 months, 14 months and 7.5 years to determine their remission of positive and negative symptoms and functional recovery. Multivariate logistic regression and path analysis were employed to test the hypothesized relationships between symptom remission and FFR.ResultsRemission of both positive and negative symptoms at 8-month follow-up predicted functional recovery at 14-month follow-up, but had limited value for the prediction of FFR at 7.5 years. Functional recovery at 14-month follow-up significantly predicted both FFR and remission of negative symptoms at 7.5 years, irrespective of whether remission criteria were simultaneously met. The association remained significant after controlling for baseline prognostic indicators.ConclusionsThese findings provided support for the hypothesis that early functional and vocational recovery plays a pivotal role in preventing the development of chronic negative symptoms and disability. This underlines the need for interventions that specifically address early psychosocial recovery.

Long-term trajectories of positive and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: A 10year follow-up study in the OPUS cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 168 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Austin ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Esben Budtz-Jørgensen ◽  
Rikke Gry Secher ◽  
Carsten R. Hjorthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Symptoms, cognition, treatment adherence and functional outcome in first-episode psychosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. MALLA ◽  
R. M. G. NORMAN ◽  
R. MANCHANDA ◽  
L. TOWNSEND
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Community Functioning ◽  
Independent Contribution ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background. The differential strength of correlation between symptoms, cognition and other patient characteristics with community functioning in first-episode psychosis has not been fully investigated.Method. In a sample of 66 first-episode psychosis patients demographic variables, ratings of pre-morbid adjustment, positive and negative symptoms, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and assessment of cognitive functions at baseline, and symptoms, cognitive functions and adherence to medication at 1 year, were correlated with scores on social relations and activities of daily living (ADL) (outcome) at 1 year. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to confirm the independent contribution of baseline and concurrent variables to functional outcome at 1 year.Results. Scores on functioning related to social relations and ADL were both significantly correlated with pre-morbid adjustment, all dimensions of residual positive and negative symptoms and adherence to medication at 1 year. Scores on social relations were also modestly correlated with DUP and several cognitive measures at baseline and 1 year (verbal IQ, attention, visual memory, word fluency and working memory). Hierarchical regression confirmed independent contribution of pre-morbid adjustment, total residual symptoms and adherence to medication at 1 year for both dimensions of outcome, and psychomotor poverty and working memory for social relations.Conclusions. In addition to pre-morbid adjustment potentially malleable variables such as level of residual (but not acute) symptoms, adherence to medication and cognitive deficits are likely to influence outcome on aspects of community functioning in individuals treated for first episode of psychosis.

Adolescent vs. adult onset of a first episode psychosis: Impact on remission of positive and negative symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Veru ◽  
Gerald Jordan ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Ashok Malla ◽  
Srividya Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal-striatal structural alterations linked to negative symptoms at different stages of the schizophrenia spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
André Schmidt ◽  
Benazir Hodzic-Santor ◽  
Achim Burrer ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractAmong the most debilitating manifestations of schizophrenia are negative symptoms such as anhedonia and apathy. Imaging studies have linked these symptoms to morphometric abnormalities in two brain regions implicated in reward and motivation: the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum. Negative symptoms generally are associated with reduced OFC thickness, while apathy specifically maps to reduced striatal volume. However, it remains unclear whether these tissue losses are a consequence of chronic illness and its treatment, or an underlying phenotypic trait. Here we use multicentre MRI data to investigate orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities across the schizophrenia-spectrum from healthy populations with schizotypy, to unmedicated and medicated first-episode psychosis patients, and patients with chronic schizophrenia. Striatal volumes and OFC thickness were estimated from T1-weighted images acquired in all three diagnostic groups and controls from four sites (n=337). Results were first established in one test cohort (“Zurich sample”) and replicated in three independent samples. There was a correlation between apathy and striatal volume only in healthy individuals with schizotypy; however, medicated patients exhibited larger striatal volumes, which appears to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. The association between reduced OFC thickness and negative symptoms generally also appeared to vary along the disease course, being significant only in first-episode psychosis patients. In schizotypy there was increased OFC relative to controls. Our findings suggest that negative symptoms associate with a temporal continuum of orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities that may predate the occurrence of schizophrenia. Thicker OFC in schizotypy may represent either compensatory or pathological mechanisms prior to disease-onset.

scholarly journals Metacognitive functioning predicts positive and negative symptoms over 12 months in first episode psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish J. McLeod ◽  
Andrew I. Gumley ◽  
Angus MacBeth ◽  
Matthias Schwannauer ◽  
Paul H. Lysaker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms
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