scholarly journals Group idea generation and selection: The originality versus feasibility battle & intragroup competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Li ◽  
Matthijs Baas
Keyword(s):  
Idea Generation ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Idea Quality ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Intragroup Competition

Organizations often try to stimulate creative problem-solving by inducing competition among group members. This facilitative effect of intragroup competition lies in group members’ enhanced motivation to outperform the others. Previous research, however, has mainly focused on idea generation, thereby overlooking the subsequent idea selection stage. In fact, groups are poor at selecting both original and feasible ideas (i.e., creative), which may be further exacerbated when group members compete against each other. Furthermore, while originality and feasibility are two key factors of creativity, people seem to have difficulty taking both into account. The current research investigated how intragroup competition, through incorporating a rewarding scheme, influences group idea generation and selection, and whether explicit instructions of focusing on either originality or feasibility (performance criteria) could steer groups’ focus in the intended direction. An experimental study was conducted with 78 three-person groups. Results showed that overall, neither intragroup competition nor performance criteria influenced groups’ generation and selection performance. Nevertheless, some interesting findings emerged - Originality and feasibility were indeed inversely correlated; idea quality at the generation stage predicted the idea quality at the selection stage; furthermore, certain group processes during the group task might have indirectly linked the competition-selection performance relationship. Study limitations, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Group Writing: Student Perceptions of the Dynamics and Efficiency of Groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Winter ◽  
Joan C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Writing Quality ◽  
Student Opinions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
Student Grades ◽  
Learning And Achievement

Understanding student perceptions of group work should help educators prepare students to be effective group members in the classroom and at work. This study ascer tained student perceptions of their learning and achievement in group situations. The following correlations were determined: (a) There was a relationship between student grades and perceptions of the writing quality as well as perceptions of the amount learned about group processes; (b) there was no correlation between grades and student opinions of the quantity of work achieved, the type of person who hindered the group the most, and whether the student enjoyed the group work.

Key factors for the adoption of RFID in the logistics industry in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Pin Fu ◽  
Tien-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Arthur Lin ◽  
Zi-Jun Du ◽  
Kuei-Ying Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Importance Weighting ◽  
Analytic Hierarchical Process ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the factors that influence the adoption of radio frequency identification (RFID) in the logistics industry in Taiwan, and to objectively identify the key factors (KFs) for successful adoption. Design/methodology/approach – First, the factors were collected from a review of the literature, and then arranged in a three-layer hierarchical table. The fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) was then used to determine the weighting of each factor, based on the opinions of various logistics professionals. The acceptable advantage concept of VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) was then used to identify the KFs. Findings – Nine important factors were identified from the total of eighteen factors, with a total accumulative weight of 64.68 percent, and from these, four KFs were determined: meeting the demands of clients, sharing real-time information, creating advantages in overall delivery, and reducing operational errors. Practical implications – The results show that the logistics industry in Taiwan should focus on the improvement of four KFs when adopting RFID. Eight practical implications of this study are also discussed in the paper. Originality/value – This study used multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to obtain the importance (weighting) of each factor and to identify the KFs that influence the adoption of RFID. The research results can serve as a reference for the logistics industry, enabling firms to better allocate their resources when adopting RFID, and thus, to achieve a good outcome at lower cost and with greater efficiency.

Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors That Influence Concept Selection When Designing for Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Prabhu ◽  
Rainmar L. Leguarda ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Nicholas A. Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Selection Stage

Abstract The capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) open up designers’ solution space and enable them to build designs previously impossible through traditional manufacturing (TM). To leverage this design freedom, designers must emphasize opportunistic design for AM (DfAM), i.e., design techniques that leverage AM capabilities. Additionally, designers must also emphasize restrictive DfAM, i.e., design considerations that account for AM limitations, to ensure that their designs can be successfully built. Therefore, designers must adopt a “dual” design mindset—emphasizing both, opportunistic and restrictive DfAM—when designing for AM. However, to leverage AM capabilities, designers must not only generate creative ideas for AM but also select these creative ideas during the concept selection stage. Design educators must specifically emphasize selecting creative ideas in DfAM, as ideas perceived as infeasible through the traditional design for manufacturing lens may now be feasible with AM. This emphasis could prevent creative but feasible ideas from being discarded due to their perceived infeasibility. While several studies have discussed the role of DfAM in encouraging creative idea generation, there is a need to investigate concept selection in DfAM. In this paper, we investigated the effects of four variations in DfAM education: (1) restrictive, (2) opportunistic, (3) restrictive followed by opportunistic (R-O), and (4) opportunistic followed by restrictive (O-R), on students’ concept selection process. We compared the creativity of the concepts generated by students to the creativity of the concepts they selected. The creativity of designs was measured on four dimensions: (1) uniqueness, (2) usefulness, (3) technical goodness, and (4) overall creativity. We also performed qualitative analyses to gain insight into the rationale provided by students when making their design decisions. From the results, we see that only teams from the restrictive and dual O-R groups selected ideas of higher uniqueness and overall creativity. In contrast, teams from the dual R-O DfAM group selected ideas of lower uniqueness compared with the mean uniqueness of ideas generated. Finally, we see that students trained in opportunistic DfAM emphasized minimizing build material the most, whereas those trained only in restrictive DfAM emphasized minimizing build time. These results highlight the need for DfAM education to encourage AM designers to not just generate creative ideas but also have the courage to select them for the next stage of design.

On being moderate and peaceful: Why Islamic political moderateness promotes outgroup tolerance and reconciliation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Esti Zaduqisti ◽  
Ali Mashuri ◽  
Amat Zuhri ◽  
Tri Astutik Haryati ◽  
Miftahul Ula
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Order Identity

Islamic moderateness is said to be one of the key factors that contribute to the promotion of peace in Muslim societies. We present an empirical study conducted in Indonesia ( N = 299) that assessed Islamic political moderateness and examined its role in explaining Muslims’ tolerance towards non-Muslims, as well as the first group’s support for making reconciliation with the latter group. We found as hypothesised that Islamic political moderateness was a positive predictor of outgroup tolerance, because of the role it had in positively predicting the sense of national identity as a higher order identity vis-à-vis Islamic identity (i.e. higher order nested identity). Outgroup tolerance positively predicted and, in turn, fully mediated the positive association between Islamic political moderateness and Muslims’ reconciliatory tendencies, including feelings of collective guilt and shame, intergroup trust and perspective-taking, intergroup cooperation, willingness to apologise, as well as support for intergroup empowerment and reparative actions. These findings suggest the benefit of Islamic political moderateness to drive Muslims to appreciate the existence of non-Muslims. We discuss these empirical findings in terms of theoretical implications, research limitations and practical implications.

Model selection for direct marketing: performance criteria and validation methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Cui ◽  
Man Leung Wong ◽  
Guichang Zhang ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Validation Methods ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of competing methods and model selection, which are non‐trivial issues given the financial implications. Researchers have adopted various methods including statistical models and machine learning methods such as neural networks to assist decision making in direct marketing. However, due to the different performance criteria and validation techniques currently in practice, comparing different methods is often not straightforward.Design/methodology/approachThis study compares the performance of neural networks with that of classification and regression tree, latent class models and logistic regression using three criteria – simple error rate, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and cumulative lift – and two validation methods, i.e. bootstrap and stratified k‐fold cross‐validation. Systematic experiments are conducted to compare their performance.FindingsThe results suggest that these methods vary in performance across different criteria and validation methods. Overall, neural networks outperform the others in AUROC value and cumulative lifts, and the stratified ten‐fold cross‐validation produces more accurate results than bootstrap validation.Practical implicationsTo select predictive models to support direct marketing decisions, researchers need to adopt appropriate performance criteria and validation procedures.Originality/valueThe study addresses the key issues in model selection, i.e. performance criteria and validation methods, and conducts systematic analyses to generate the findings and practical implications.

Public contacts with Russian police in life-threatening situations

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Semukhina
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Police Cooperation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine key factors responsible for unwillingness of Russian respondents to contact police in life-threatening situations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a survey data (n=5,088) collected during 1998-2007 in Volgograd, Russia. The multivariate regression is employed for data analysis. Findings – Findings of this study suggest that pervasive public distrust and dissatisfaction of police institution coupled with fear of police abuse and negative previous experiences with crime reporting are responsible for citizens’ unwillingness to contact Russian police. Research limitations/implications – The findings imply that both instrumental and normative approaches to the police legitimacy are useful when explaining the issues of public-police cooperation in Russia. Practical implications – Paper also has practical implications pertinent to the 2011 police reform in Russia. Originality/value – The study also provides an original empirical research in previously under-research area of public-police cooperation in Russia and advances the understanding of Russian police by using the process-based model of policing.

Collaborative writing with wikis: an empirical investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S. Du ◽  
Sam K.W. Chu ◽  
Randolph C.H. Chan ◽  
Wei He
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Behavior ◽  
Coordination Behavior ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Revision Histories ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process and interaction among group members using wikis to produce collaborative writing (CW) projects, and to compare their collaborative behavior among students at different levels of education. Design/methodology/approach – The study investigated the participation and collaboration of Hong Kong primary school, secondary school, and university students in the process of developing their wiki-based CW projects. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from analyzing the revision histories and the content of wiki pages. Findings – Results indicated that the level of education significantly affected student CW actions, and their interaction and coordination behavior to co-construct the work. Also, the frequency of collaborative activities varied noticeably among the primary, secondary, and university students. Practical implications – The study enriches our understanding of the complex and dynamic process of CW using wikis. It has practical implications on why and how the pedagogy and technology should be implemented differentially for the students at three different levels of education to facilitate collaborative knowledge construction. Originality/value – Research to date is still lacking an in-depth knowledge about the processes and activities involved when students write collaboratively on wikis. Also, no study has yet compared the collaborative behavior among students at different levels of education. The results of this study contribute to the development of new and appropriate modes of group-based collaborative learning at all levels of the education system for the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Modelling the Dynamics of Influence on Individual Thinking during Idea Generation in Co-design Teams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Idea Quality

Social influence is not evenly distributed in teams. Some individuals, referredto here as influencers, become more influential than others. Consequentially,these influencers play a significant role in shaping project performance.The current work simulates the presence of influencers duringidea generation in co-design teams to better understand emergent socio-cognitivephenomena. Besides providing, a novel approach for modelling learningin concept generation the model highlights the results related to individualcognition during idea generation. Idea quality and exploration of designspace are affected by the presence of influencers in design teams. Teamswith no well-defined influencers produce solutions with high general explorationbut less quality. In contrast, the agents in the teams with only oneinfluencer produce solutions high quality than those teams with no influencers.

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