scholarly journals Perceptual prioritisation of self-associated voices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony Payne ◽  
Nadine Lavan ◽  
Sarah Knight ◽  
Carolyn McGettigan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Assistive Communication ◽  
Synthetic Voices ◽  
Selection Of

Information associated with the self is prioritised relative to information associated with others and is therefore processed more quickly and accurately. Across three experiments, we examined whether a new externally-generated voice could become associated with the self and thus be prioritised in perception.In the first experiment, participants learned associations between three unfamiliar voices and three identities (self, friend, other). Participants then made speeded judgements of whether voice-identity pairs were correctly matched, or not. A clear self-prioritisation effect was found, with participants showing faster and more accurate responses to the self-associated voice relative to either the friend- or other-associated voice.In two further experiments, we tested whether this prioritisation effect increased if the self-associated voice was sex-matched to the gender identity of the participant (Experiment 2) or if the self-voice was chosen by the participant (Experiment 3). Sex-matching did not significantly influence prioritisation; the self-voice was similarly prioritised when it matched the gender identity of the listener as when it did not. However, we observed that choosing the self-voice did interact with prioritisation (Experiment 3); the self-voice became more prominent, via lesser prioritisation of the other identities, when the self-voice was chosen relative to when it was not.Our findings have implications for the design and selection of individuated synthetic voices used for assistive communication devices, suggesting that agency in choosing a new vocal identity may modulate the distinctiveness of that voice relative to others.

scholarly journals Dragon-slayers and Jealous Rats: The Gendered Self in Contemporary Self-help Manuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hazleden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
Selection Of

This article traces two broad discourses concerning gender in a selection of relationship manuals from 1974 to 2004. On the one hand are manuals promoting traditional gender roles, and on the other are those that promote financial and emotional independence for women. In contrast to other analyses, I argue that these approaches cannot be categorised into a simplistic dichotomy of ‘feminist’ and ‘patriarchal,’ but that they are better understood as being bound up with conservative and liberal discourses of the self. I further demonstrate that these approaches both assume and require types of self that are somewhat removed from their historical antecedents and should be understood as neo variants.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUALITY AND SELF-REPRESENTATION: PERSONALITY AS AN OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF CONSUMPTION IN THE MODERN SOCIETY

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Urusova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Search For Objects ◽  
Selection Of

Entering the process of consumption, not only does the person construct their individual being and social reality but also completes their individuality, relying on symbols popular in the environment. Attempts to show one’s own personality are confronted with the ways of self-presentation accepted in the society, as well as with assessments from other people, so a person is faced with the necessity to choose what and how to present. The openness of self-presentation methods results in the spread of interest in individual aspects and characteristics of the personality and also causes its transition to the category of the object of consumption. At the same time, the desire to get a positive external evaluation from others entails «folding» of the individuality due to the demonstration of only certain aspects that are most in demand (that is, the most «consumed» ones). Such a process is associated with the desire to satisfy the needs for recognition and respect, to supplement the qualities, features, characteristics of the image of the «Self» or to hide the lack of the basic reality and understanding of oneself as an integral personality. On the other hand, identification of oneself in the sociocultural space, in the reference group, leads to the search for and selection of individuals that are of the greatest interest. Personality, while becoming a subject of consumption, objectifies the other, endowed with the desired qualities and characteristics, consuming the information communicated by it. However, such a process of consumption causes a feeling of incompleteness and inferiority of oneself, resulting from the impossibility of possessing the desired qualities, thus provoking ongoing search for objects of consumption, distancing from one’s own individuality and the loss of one’s own Self.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Providing Freshmen with a Good “Starting-Block”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Intention To Persist

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

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