scholarly journals Assessing comparative asset-based measures of material wealth as predictors of physical growth and mortality.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Woolard Mayfour ◽  
Daniel Hruschka
Keyword(s):  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Highly Correlated

Social scientists and policymakers have increasingly relied on asset-based indices of household wealth to assess social inequities and to identify economically vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. In the last decade, researchers have proposed a number of asset-based measures that permit global comparisons of household wealth across populations in different countries and over time. Each of these measures relies on different assumptions and indicators, and little is known about the relative performance of these measures in assessing inequalities. In this study, we assess four comparative, asset-based measures of wealth—the Absolute Wealth Estimate (AWE), the International Wealth Index (IWI), the Comparative Wealth Index (CWI), and the “Standard of Living” portion of the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), along with a variable measuring television ownership—and compare how well each predicts health related variables such as women’s BMI, children’s height-for-age Z scores, and infant mortality at the household and survey level. Analyzing data from over 300 Demographic and Health surveys in 84 countries (n= 2,304,928 households), we found that AWE, IWI, CWI, MPI are all highly correlated (r = 0.7 to 0.9). However, IWI which is based on a common set of universally weighted indicators, typically best accounts for variation in all three health measures. We discuss the implications of these findings for choosing and interpreting these measures of wealth for different purposes.

Evaluating the Performance of Five Asset-based Wealth Indices in Predicting Socioeconomic Position in Rural Bangladesh

Field Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1525822X2110206
Author(s):  
Katherine Woolard ◽  
Shirajum Munira ◽  
Khaleda Jesmin ◽  
Daniel Hruschka
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Probability Index

Social scientists have developed numerous asset-based wealth indices to assess and target socioeconomic inequalities globally. However, there are no systematic studies of the relative performance of these different measures as proxies for socioeconomic position. In this study, we compare how five asset-based wealth indices—the International Wealth Index (IWI), the Standard of Living portion of the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI-SL), the Poverty Probability Index (PPI), the Absolute Wealth Estimate (AWE), and the DHS Wealth Index (DHS)—predict benchmarks of socioeconomic position across 11 communities in rural Bangladesh. All indices were highly correlated. The IWI best explained variation in individual and community ranking of economic well-being, while the PPI best explained variation both between and within communities for total household wealth and a general measure of subjective social status.

scholarly journals Trends and Predictors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia, based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2005 -2016. Multivariable Decomposition analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Yemanu Birhan ◽  
Dessie Abebaw Angaw
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Underweight is one of the paramount major worldwide health problems, and it touches a large number of population from infancy to old age. This study aimed to analyze the trends and predictors of change in underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia Method The data for this study were accessed from three Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys data set 2005, 2011 and 2016. The trend was examined separately for the periods 2005–2011, 2005-2016, and 2011-2016. Multivariate decomposition analysis of change in underweight was employed to answer the major research question of this study. The technique employed the output from the logistic regression model to parcel out the observed difference in underweight into components, and STATA 14 was utilized for data management and analysis. Result Among children in Ethiopia the prevalence of underweight declined from 38% in 2005 to 25% in 2016. The decomposition analysis indicated that almost half of the overall change in underweight was due to difference in characteristics. Change in the composition of parental education, wealth index, duration of breastfeeding, respondents’ occupation, was the major contributor for the decline of underweight, while the age of child and presence of diarrhea were contributors for the rise of underweight in Ethiopia. Conclusion underweight shows a remarkable decline over the last decades in Ethiopia. Change in composition of Birth size, duration of breastfeeding, household wealth quantile (richer) and husband/partner primary education are attributable to the decline of underweight.

scholarly journals The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in 52 low-and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ana Irache ◽  
Paramjit Gill ◽  
Rishi Caleyachetty
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective: To investigate the magnitude and distribution of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys with anthropometric and haemoglobin level measures. Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia were calculated for every country, overall and stratified by household wealth quintile, education level, area of residence and sex (for children only). Regional and overall pooled prevalences were estimated using a random-effects model. We measured gaps, expressed in percentage points, to display inequalities in the distribution of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Setting: Nationally representative surveys from 52 LMICs. Participants: Adult women (n=825,769) aged 20-49 years, adolescent girls (n=192,631) aged 15-19 years, and children (n=391,963) aged 6-59 months. Results: The pooled prevalence of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.1, 13.7) among adult women, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.0, 5.0) among adolescent girls and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 3.3) among children. Overall, the DBM followed an inverse social gradient, with a higher prevalence among the richest quintile, most educated groups and in urban areas; however, important variations exist. The largest inequality gaps were observed among adult women in Yemen by household wealth (24.0 percentage-points) and in Niger by education level (19.6 percentage-points) and area of residence (11.9 percentage-points). Differences were predominantly significant among adult women; but less among girls and children. Conclusions: Context-specific, multifaceted, responses with an equity-lens are needed to reduce all forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Factors Associated With Housing Material Inequality in Under-Five Deaths in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo ◽  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Housing Materials ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) continue to record high burden of under-five deaths (U5D). There is a gap in knowledge of the factors contributing to housing materials inequalities in U5D. This study examined the contributions of the individual- and neighbourhood-level factors to housing materials inequalities in influencing U5D in LMIC.Methods: We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for 56 LMIC conducted between 2010 and 2018. In all, we analysed the data of 798,796 children living in 59,791 neighbourhoods. The outcome variable was U5D among live births within 0 to 59 months of birth. The main determinate variable was housing material types, categorised as unimproved housing materials (UHM) and improved housing materials (IHM) while the individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors are the independent variables. Data were analysed using Fairlie decomposition analysis at α=0.05. Results: The overall U5D rate was 53 per 1000 children, 61 among children from houses built with UHM, and 41 among children from houses built with IHM (p<0.001). This rate was higher among children from houses that were built with UHM in all countries except in Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Maldives, Jordan, and Albania. None of these countries had significant pro-IHM inequality. The factors explaining housing inequalities in U5D include household wealth status, residence location, source of drinking water, media access, paternal employment, birth interval, and toilet type.Conclusions: There are variations in individual- and neighbourhood-level factors driving housing materials inequalities as it influences U5D in LMIC. Interventions focusing on reducing the burden of U5D in households built with UHM are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Modelling the Wealth Index of Demographic and Health Surveys within Cities Using Very High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Georganos ◽  
Assane Niang Gadiaga ◽  
Catherine Linard ◽  
Tais Grippa ◽  
Sabine Vanhuysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Very High

A systematic and precise understanding of urban socio-economic spatial inequalities in developing regions is needed to address global sustainability goals. At the intra-urban scale, access to detailed databases (i.e., a census) is often a difficult exercise. Geolocated surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are a rich alternative source of such information but can be challenging to interpolate at such a fine scale due to their spatial displacement, survey design and the lack of very high-resolution (VHR) predictor variables in these regions. In this paper, we employ satellite-derived VHR land-use/land-cover (LULC) datasets and couple them with the DHS Wealth Index (WI), a robust household wealth indicator, in order to provide city-scale wealth maps. We undertake several modelling approaches using a random forest regressor as the underlying algorithm and predict in several geographic administrative scales. We validate against an exhaustive census database available for the city of Dakar, Senegal. Our results show that the WI was modelled to a satisfactory degree when compared against census data even at very fine resolutions. These findings might assist local authorities and stakeholders in rigorous evidence-based decision making and facilitate the allocation of resources towards the most disadvantaged populations. Good practices for further developments are discussed with the aim of upscaling these findings at the global scale.

scholarly journals Exploring the socio-economic determinants of educational inequalities in diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries: a Fairlie decomposition analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Olukemi Grace Adebola ◽  
Natisha Dukhi ◽  
Omon Stellamaris Fagbamigbe ◽  
Olalekan A. Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background What explains the underlying causes of educational inequalities in diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is poorly exploited, operationalized, studied and understood. This paper aims to assess the magnitude of educational-related inequalities in the development of diarrhoea and decompose risk factors that contribute to these inequalities among under-five children (U5C) in LMIC. Methods Secondary data of 796,150 U5C from 63,378 neighbourhoods in 57 LMIC was pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2019. The main determinate variable in this decomposition study was mothers’ literacy levels. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising of bivariable analysis and binary logistic multivariable Fairlie decomposition techniques were employed at p = 0.05. Results Of the 57 countries, we found a statistically significant pro-illiterate odds ratio in 6 countries, 14 showed pro-literate inequality while the remaining 37 countries had no statistically significant educational-related inequality. The countries with pro-illiterate inequalities are Burundi (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.21), Cameroon (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.66–2.05), Egypt (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12–1.43), Ghana (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06–1.47), Nigeria (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.68–1.93), and Togo (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.06–1.38). Although there are variations in factors that contribute to pro-illiterate inequality across the 6 countries, the overall largest contributors to the inequality are household wealth status, maternal age, neighbourhood SES, birth order, toilet type, birth interval and place of residence. The widest pro-illiterate risk difference (RD) was in Cameroon (118.44/1000) while the pro-literate risk difference was widest in Albania (− 61.90/1000). Conclusions The study identified educational inequalities in the prevalence of diarrhoea in children with wide variations in magnitude and contributions of the risk factors to pro-illiterate inequalities. This suggests that diarrhoea prevention strategies is a must in the pro-illiterate inequality countries and should be extended to educated mothers as well, especially in the pro-educated countries. There is a need for further studies to examine the contributions of structural and compositional factors associated with pro-educated inequalities in the prevalence of diarrhoea among U5C in LMIC.

scholarly journals Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo ◽  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Housing Materials ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) continue to record a high burden of under-five deaths (U5D). There is a gap in knowledge of the factors contributing to housing materials inequalities in U5D. This study examined the contributions of the individual- and neighbourhood-level factors to housing materials inequalities in influencing U5D in LMIC. Methods We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for 56 LMIC conducted between 2010 and 2018. In all, we analysed the data of 798,796 children living in 59,791 neighbourhoods. The outcome variable was U5D among live births within 0 to 59 months of birth. The main determinate variable was housing material types, categorised as unimproved housing materials (UHM) and improved housing materials (IHM) while the individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors are the independent variables. Data were analysed using the Fairlie decomposition analysis at α = 0.05. Results The overall U5D rate was 53 per 1000 children, 61 among children from houses built with UHM, and 41 among children from houses built with IHM (p < 0.001). This rate was higher among children from houses that were built with UHM in all countries except Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Maldives, Jordan, and Albania. None of these countries had significant pro-IHM inequality. The factors explaining housing inequalities in U5D include household wealth status, residence location, source of drinking water, media access, paternal employment, birth interval, and toilet type. Conclusions There are variations in individual- and neighbourhood-level factors driving housing materials inequalities as it influences U5D in LMIC. Interventions focusing on reducing the burden of U5D in households built with UHM are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence in 46 low-income and middle-income countries: an appraisal of the most vulnerable groups of women using national health surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e002208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina V N Coll ◽  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno ◽  
Franciele Hellwig ◽  
Aluisio J D Barros
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a critical public health issue that transcends social and economic boundaries and considered to be a major obstacle to the progress towards the 2030 women, children and adolescents’ health goals in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Standardised IPV measures have been increasingly incorporated into Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in LMICs. Routine reporting and disaggregated analyses at country level are essential to identify populational subgroups that are particularly vulnerable to IPV exposure.MethodsWe examined data from 46 countries with surveys carried out between 2010 and 2017 to assess the prevalence and inequalities in recent psychological, physical and sexual IPV among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Inequalities were assessed by disaggregating the data according to household wealth, women’s age, women’s empowerment level, polygyny status of the relationship and area of residence.ResultsNational levels of reported IPV varied widely across countries—from less than 5% in Armenia and Comoros to more than 40% in Afghanistan. Huge inequalities within countries were also observed. Generally, richer and more empowered women reported less IPV, as well as those whose partners had no cowives. Different patterns across countries were observed according to women’s age and area of residence but in most cases younger women and those living in rural areas tend to be more exposed to IPV.ConclusionThe present study advances the current knowledge by providing a global panorama of the prevalence of different forms of IPV across LMICs, helping the identification of the most vulnerable groups of women and for future monitoring of leaving no one behind towards achieving the elimination of all forms of violence among women and girls.

Explaining non-communicable disease-related behavior in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty: Study design, methods, and population characteristics (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Ochola ◽  
Lucy Joy Wachira ◽  
George Owino ◽  
Esther Leah Anono ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in the lower middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles which are mostly predominant in urban areas. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to describe the protocol; design, methods, and study population characteristics of a study explaining non-communicable disease-related behavior in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 randomly selected pairs of 9-14 years old pre-adolescents and their guardians living in low- (Kayole) and middle-income (Langata) Sub-counties in Nairobi City County. This multidisciplinary study was conducted in two parts; the quantitative part involved the collection of dietary intake through a validated 12-food group (consisting of 174 foods) 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) (for the pre-adolescents and their guardians) and two 24-hour recalls conducted on non-consecutive days (weekday and weekend) for the pre-adolescents. A photographic Food Atlas for Kenya Pre-adolescents specifically developed for this study and pilot tested for feasibility was used to estimate food portions. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and waist circumference were measured using standard approved protocols. Physical activity was assessed objectively using waist-worn accelerometers for 24 hours over 8 days and self-reports using a validated questionnaire. Data were collected digitally using Android mobile devices and uploaded to the Open Data Kit (ODK) platform and stored on an online server. Data for the qualitative part of the study was collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) on cultural and social beliefs related to obesity and physical activity. The data was to allow for triangulation with the quantitative data. The qualitative data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported to MAXQDA for analysis. Socioeconomic characteristics of the residential sites were accessed using the Wealth Index similar to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) created using Principal Component Analysis. RESULTS A total of 149 households translating into a response rate of 93% participated in the study; 72 from Kayole and 77 from Langata. The majority of the participants residing in Kayole belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. In Kayole, none of the participants belonged to the highest Wealth Index (highest fifth) whereas in Langata none of the participants belonged to the lowest Wealth Index (lowest fifth). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research will provide novel and important new data on determinants of NCD-related lifestyles and risk factors in urban populations useful for setting priorities for NCD policy or programmes and further research on identified lifestyle changes in Kenya and other similar countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document