scholarly journals The Dynamics of Privately Held Business Assets in the United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Pernell ◽  
Geoffrey Wodtke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Privately Held Firms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Privately Held

Although privately held businesses are central to the American economy, little is known about how their assets are distributed among the population. In this study, we describe the household distribution of private business assets in the United States and examine how it has changed over time. Using data from the 1989-2019 Survey of Consumer Finances, we show that the relative number of business owners has remained stagnant at low levels and that assets in privately held firms have become increasingly concentrated among the wealthiest owners over time. At the most recent wave of data collection, the top 1% of households controlled nearly 80% of private business assets, up from about 70% in the late 1980s. We attempt to explain this trend by evaluating how technological change, the financialization of banking, and rising market power have influenced the distribution of private business assets in recent decades. Our findings suggest that all three factors contributed to increasing asset concentration in this sector.

scholarly journals Inequality and market concentration, when shareholding is more skewed than consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Gans ◽  
Andrew Leigh ◽  
Martin Schmalz ◽  
Adam Triggs
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Consumer Expenditure Survey ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEconomic theory suggests that monopoly prices hurt consumers but benefit shareholders. But in a world where individuals or households can be both consumers and shareholders, the impact of market power on inequality depends in part on the relative distribution of consumption and corporate equity ownership across individuals or households. The paper calculates this distribution for the United States, using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Consumer Expenditure Survey, spanning nearly three decades from 1989 to 2016. In 2016, the top 20 per cent consumed approximately as much as the bottom 60 per cent, but had 15 times as much corporate equity. Because ownership is more skewed than consumption, increased mark-ups increase inequality. Moreover, over time, corporate equity has become even more skewed relative to consumption.

Dual private pension households and the distribution of wealth in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY AMMON JIANAKOPLOS ◽  
VICKIE L. BAJTELSMIT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Private Pension ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, this paper examines the impact of dual private pension households on the distribution of household wealth in the United States. This paper builds on three lines of previous research: inquiries into ‘assortative mating’, i.e., the tendency for people with similar characteristics to marry; studies emphasizing the importance of pensions as a component of household wealth; and recent research examining how wives' earnings alter the distribution of household income. Evidence of ‘assortative private pensions’, i.e., the tendency for people with private pensions to be married to people with private pensions, is presented. Estimates of the expected value of private pension and social security wealth are added to measures of household non-retirement net worth to obtain the value household wealth. These data indicate that wives' private pensions in dual private pension households contribute marginally to greater equality in the wealth distribution.

Pathways to Refugee Integration: Predictions from Longitudinal Data in Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 690 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Jini E. Puma ◽  
Sarah E. Brewer ◽  
Paul Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we examine whether and how the success of refugee integration varies over time and the factors that facilitate successful integration. Using data from the Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE), we assess the integration of 467 newly resettled refugees in Colorado over three consecutive years, beginning in 2011. We find that that integration significantly increases with more time in the United States, and that age, gender, and education in one’s home country explained approximately half of the variance in overall integration three years postarrival. The integration pathways we derive from the data explain a sizable component of the variance, and we find differences in the integration process across the population subgroups that we examine.

What Do We Know about the Evolution of Top Wealth Shares in the United States?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kopczuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Wealth Concentration ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Mortality Improvements ◽  
Over Time

I discuss available evidence about the evolution of top wealth shares in the United States over the course of the 20th century. The three main approaches—the Survey of Consumer Finances, estate tax multiplier, and capitalization methods—generate generally consistent findings until mid-1980s but diverge since then, with the capitalization method showing a dramatic increase in wealth concentration and the other two methods showing at best a small increase. I discuss strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. The increase in capitalization estimates since 2000 is driven by a dramatic and puzzling increase in fixed income assets. There is evidence that estate tax estimates may not be sufficiently accounting for mortality improvements over time. The nonresponse and coverage issues in the SCF are a concern. I conclude that the changing nature of top incomes and the increased importance of self-made wealth may explain difficulties in implementing each of the methods and why the results diverge.

scholarly journals The Geography of Undocumented Mexican Migration

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Massey ◽  
Jacob S. Rugh ◽  
Karen A. Pren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Undocumented Mexican Migration ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
Over Time

Using data from Mexico's Matríícula Consular program, we analyze the geographic organization of undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. We show that emigration has moved beyond its historical origins in west-central Mexico into the central region and, to a lesser extent, the southeast and border regions. In the United States, traditional gateways continue to dominate, but a variety of new destinations have emerged. California, in particular, has lost its overwhelming dominance. Although the geographic structure of Mexico-U.S. migration is relatively stable, it has nonetheless continued to evolve and change over time.

scholarly journals Institutional Sources of Business Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-480
Author(s):  
Marius R. Busemeyer ◽  
Kathleen Thelen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Business Power ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a revival of debates about the role of business and the sources of business power in postindustrial political economies. Scholarly accounts commonly distinguish between structural sources of business power, connected to its privileged position in capitalist economies, and instrumental sources, related to direct forms of lobbying by business actors. The authors argue that this distinction overlooks an important third source of business power, which they conceptualize as institutional business power. Institutional business power results when state actors delegate public functions to private business actors. Over time, through policy feedback and lock-in effects, institutional business power contributes to an asymmetrical dependence of the state on the continued commitment of private business actors. This article elaborates the theoretical argument behind this claim, providing empirical examples of growing institutional business power in education in Germany, Sweden, and the United States.

scholarly journals Visualizing Change in Ordinal Measures: Religious Attendance in the United States (1972–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802311990006
Author(s):  
Michael Lee Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

The figure plots self-reports of religious attendance using data from the General Social Survey (1972–2018), contributing to current debates about how religiosity is changing in the United States by clearly showing the relative increase or decrease of each level of religious attendance over time. The main new insight is that the observed decline in religious attendance in the United States has been driven primarily by a large increase in people reporting never attending religious services and a corresponding decrease in people reporting weekly attendance, rather than uniform changes across different levels. Some categories, such as attendance once a month, have seen virtually no change. More generally, the figure may be used as a template for plotting other ordinal measures over time, such as political attitudes or ideology.

Immigrant and Native Fertility during the 1980s: Adaptation and Expectations for the Future

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Behavior ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Native Women ◽  
Synthetic Cohort ◽  
Fertility Expectations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

This article compares both the fertility behavior and expectations for future childbearing of foreign and native-born women in the United States using data from the 1980 U.S. Census and the 1986 and 1988 June Current Population Surveys. The goals are to first analyze the sources of the growing fertility gap between immigrant and native women and then to explore the extent to which immigrants adapt (or intend to adapt) their fertility once in the United States. The results show that the immigrant-native fertility gap has increased during the 1980s – not because immigrant fertility has increased, but rather because fertility dropped at a faster rate for natives than for immigrants. The relatively high fertility of immigrants compared to natives can be completely explained by compositional differences with respect to age, education, income and ethnicity. The two analyses of adaptation showed somewhat different results. The synthetic cohort analysis, which traced the fertility behavior of a fixed cohort of immigrants during the 1980s, found little evidence of adaptation or assimilation, except for Southeast Asian immigrants. On the other hand, the analysis of fertility expectations suggests that although immigrants ‘expect’ to have higher fertility than similar natives, they tend to adapt their fertility ‘goals’ over time, both within and across generations.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

An Analysis of Fraudulent Qui Tam Actions Over Time in the United States

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Fitzner ◽  
Charlie Bennett ◽  
June McKoy ◽  
Cara Tigue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Over Time
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