scholarly journals Behavioral Biases and Legal Compliance: A Field Experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Emanuel ◽  
Helen Ho
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Baseline Rate ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Legal Consequences

Many defendants fail to appear (FTA) for court despite the prospect of legal consequences. In a field experiment, we compare the effectiveness of text message reminders to an intervention that combines reminders with personalized assistance. The treatments are equally effective, reducing FTA by 8 percentage points from a 21 percent baseline rate. However, personalized assistance facilitates greater take-up of court accommodations such as rescheduling and payment plans. For more serious cases, the treatments reduce arrests by two percentage points, implying FTAs have a large effect on arrests. For the least serious cases, an FTA has small effects on fines.

Microcommitments: The Effect of Small Commitments on Student Success

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Felkey ◽  
Eva Dziadula ◽  
Eric P. Chiang ◽  
Jose Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Randomized Control

We conducted a randomized control trial with nearly 1,000 students to test whether using a text-message-based tool that provides small commitments with social accountability helps students procrastinate less and maintain engagement with course material, yielding improved academic performance. All students received identical content via text message, but the treatment group engaged with an online platform encouraging commitments and featuring a social feed with rankings. The analysis reveals that microcommitments with social accountability improved academic performance relative to students who received simple nudges. The increase is equivalent to 3 percentage points on an exam, driven by online and hybrid classes.

Text Message Reminders for Child Influenza Vaccination in the Setting of School-Located Influenza Vaccination: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Szilagyi ◽  
Stanley Schaffer ◽  
Cynthia M. Rand ◽  
Nicolas P. N. Goldstein ◽  
Mary Younge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Urban Elementary Schools ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Percentage Points

Half of US school children receive influenza vaccine. In our previous trials, school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) raised vaccination rates by 5 to 8 percentage points. We assessed whether text message reminders to parents could raise vaccination rates above those observed with SLIV. Within urban elementary schools we randomized families into text message + SLIV (intervention) versus SLIV alone (comparison). All parents were sent 2 backpack notifications plus 2 autodialer phone reminders about SLIV at a single SLIV clinic. Intervention group parents also were sent 3 text messages from the school nurse encouraging flu vaccination via either primary care or SLIV. Among 15 768 children at 32 schools, vaccination rates were text + SLIV (40%) and SLIV control (40%); 4% of students per group received influenza vaccination at SLIV. Text message reminders did not raise influenza vaccination rates above those observed with SLIV alone. More intensive interventions are needed to raise influenza vaccination rates.

scholarly journals Deterring Illegal Entry: Migrant Sanctions and Recidivism in Border Apprehensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Samuel Bazzi ◽  
Gordon Hanson ◽  
Sarah John ◽  
Bryan Roberts ◽  
John Whitley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Patrol ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Baseline Rate ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Us ◽  
Random Variation

During the 2008 to 2012 period, the US Border Patrol enacted new sanctions on migrants apprehended while attempting to enter the United States illegally. Using administrative records on apprehensions of Mexican nationals that include fingerprint-based IDs and other details, we detect if an apprehended migrant is subject to penalties and if he is later reapprehended. Exploiting plausibly random variation in the rollout of sanctions, we estimate econometrically that exposure to penalties reduced the 18-month reapprehension rate for males by 4.6 to 6.1 percentage points off of a baseline rate of 24.2 percent. These magnitudes imply that sanctions can account for 28 to 44 percent of the observed decline in recidivism in apprehensions. Further results suggest that the drop in recidivism was associated with a reduction in attempted illegal entry. (JEL K37, J15, J18)

scholarly journals AI and recruiting software: Ethical and legal implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Alberto Fernández
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Agent Architecture ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Interview Analysis ◽  
Legal Consequences

AbstractIn this article, we examine the state-of-the-art and current applications of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically for human resources (HR). We study whether, due to the experimental state of the algorithms used and the nature of training and test samples, a further control and auditing in the research community is necessary to guarantee fair and accurate results. In particular, we identify the positive and negative consequences of the usage of video-interview analysis via AI in recruiting processes as well as the main machine learning techniques used and their degrees of efficiency. We focus on some controversial characteristics that could lead to ethical and legal consequences for candidates, companies and states regarding discrimination in the job market (e.g. gender and race). There is a lack of regulation and a need for external and neutral auditing for the type of analyses done in interviews. We present a multi-agent architecture that aims at total legal compliance and more effective HR processes management.

scholarly journals Is it worth door-knocking? Evidence from a United Kingdom-based Get Out The Vote (GOTV) field experiment on the effect of party leaflets and canvass visits on voter turnout

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Townsley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Get Out The Vote

AbstractWhat impact do party leaflets and canvass visits have on voter turnout? Get Out The Vote (GOTV) experiments consistently find that campaigning needs to be personal in order to be effective. However, the imbalance between United States and European-based studies has led to recent calls for further European GOTV experiments. There are also comparatively few partisan experiments. I report the findings of a United Kingdom-based field experiment conducted with the Liberal Democrats in 2017. Results show that party leaflets boost turnout by 4.3 percentage points, while canvassing has a small additional effect (0.6 percentage points). The study also represents the first individual level experiment to compare GOTV effects between postal voters and in-person voters outside the United States.

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