Prevalence of anorectal malformations in the city of Butembo, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract HIV-1 diversity may impact monitoring and vaccine development. We describe the most recent data of HIV-1 variants and their temporal trends in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 1976 to 2018 and in Kinshasa from 1983–2018. HIV-1 pol sequencing from dried blood collected in Kinshasa during 2016–2018 was done in 340 HIV-infected children/adolescents/adults to identify HIV-1 variants by phylogenetic reconstructions. Recombination events and transmission clusters were also analyzed. Variant distribution and genetic diversity were compared to historical available pol sequences from the DRC in Los Alamos Database (LANL). We characterized 165 HIV-1 pol variants circulating in Kinshasa (2016–2018) and compared them with 2641 LANL sequences from the DRC (1976–2012) and Kinshasa (1983–2008). During 2016–2018 the main subtypes were A (26.7%), G (9.7%) and C (7.3%). Recombinants accounted for a third of infections (12.7%/23.6% Circulant/Unique Recombinant Forms). We identified the first CRF47_BF reported in Africa and four transmission clusters. A significant increase of subtype A and sub-subtype F1 and a significant reduction of sub-subtype A1 and subtype D were observed in Kinshasa during 2016–2018 compared to variants circulating in the city from 1983 to 2008. We provide unique and updated information related to HIV-1 variants currently circulating in Kinshasa, reporting the temporal trends of subtypes/CRF/URF during 43 years in the DRC, and providing the most extensive data on children/adolescents.

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Profile of the prevalence of typhoid fever at the Beni Reference General Hospital in the city of Beni in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.31254/jmr.2017.3509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 239-242

Author(s):

Ildephonse Soly Kamwira ◽

◽

Arsène Kabamba Tshikongo ◽

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

General Hospital ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

The City

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Angola

Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marius Schneider ◽

Vanessa Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

The Other ◽

Capital City ◽

Entire Population ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Western Africa ◽

The City

Located in South-Western Africa, Angola is the seventh largest country in Africa, with an area of 1,246,700 square kilometres (km) bordered by Namibia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and the Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of over 29 million people and has a population density of twenty-four people per km. Its capital city is Luanda, which functions as the country’s main port as a result of its location. Luanda is also the country’s economic and cultural centre; in 2018 the city was inhabited by 2,487 million of the country’s entire population. The other main cities are significantly smaller: Huambo is the second-largest city, with a population of 226,177 people, followed by Lobito, with a population of 207,957 people, then Benguela, Lubanga, and Malanje. Business hours are generally weekdays, Monday to Friday, 0800–1300 and 1400–1700. Most companies operate on Saturdays and Sundays, with some banks being open on Saturdays from 0800–1200. However, government departments only operate during weekdays. The currency used is the Kwanza (Kz).

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