A comparison of self-esteem between patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, to those not receiving orthodontic treatment

Objective: Comparison of the self-esteem between patients undergoing fixed orthodonticc treatment in the past 6 months or more, to those not receiving orthodontic treatment or the time passed since the commencement of their treatment has been less than six months. Materials and methods: The participants of this study were divided into two groups, group A and group B. The sample size of each group was 75 making the total 150 aged between 16 to 25 years. The malocclusion severity was assessed with the index of orthodontic treatment need aesthetic component (IOTN-AC) which was 6 or more for both groups. Group A involved patients currently receiving no orthodontic treatment or the time elapsed since the start of the treatment was less than 6 months. Group B on the other hand, comprised of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the past 6 months or more. Questionnaires were administered among both group A and group B where self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem (RSE) Scale. Independent Sample T test was applied on both of these variables. Results: The results did not show any statistically significant association between self-esteem and “the time elapsed since the start of the treatment”. Likewise, the additional factors i.e., Age, Education and Gender too had no impact on the Rosenberg score. Conclusion: No association was found between selfesteem of the patients undergoing fixed Orthodontic treatment, to those not receiving it

Removal of unusual foreign body from rectosigmoid colon with colonoscope and forcep

Accidental foreign body ingestion is common among children and in many adults with or without systemic disease (altered mental status due to any cause), most of which is expelled spontaneously, some are removed endoscopically, laproscopically and surgically in complicated cases. Herein we are discussing a case of denture (of size about 5 x 5 cm) removal from sigmoid colon which was accidentaly swallowed with food in a normal conscious and alert person, with the help of colonoscope, proctoscope and forceps, without any complications except for mild bleeding which was managed conservatively

Dynamic characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 and its antibody detection

To prevent excess morbidity and mortality of Covid-19, a prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Antibody-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is a rapid, fairly reliable, and useful diagnostic testing solution for COVID-19. As a point-of-care test with fast turnaround time, the kit permits quick screening in hospitals to avoid the crowding of specimen collection. However, available RDTs kits have different sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy profiles due to antigen and antibody variability because of the sequence mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 gene. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to either re-measure the accuracy of a rapid test before using it in a different country or use tests developed based on local viral characteristics

The animal bites cases in Meybod and Ardakan cities of Iran

Rabies is one of the most common diseases between humans and animals and is an important public health priority. This study was performed to investigate the epidemiological features of animal bites referred to rabies prevention centers in Meybod and Ardakan towns (Iran) in 2018 and 2019. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bites registered in the rabies prevention center of Meybod and Ardakan cities during 2018 and 2019 were investigated. The data was analyzed for demographic and epidemiological information using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Finally, was analyzed by SPSS version 20. The results of the study showed that 848 cases of animal bites have occurred in two cities, which is more common in adolescents and males. The most common animals causing bite were cats and dogs in these areas. Because of the large number of animal bites in the mentioned cities, the need for planning for educational and care activities to reduce the cases of bites is recommended

Erratum: The role of the bio-psychosocial model in public health

In the article titled “The role of the bio-psychosocial model in public health” published on pages 252-254, Issue 6, Volume 5 of The Journal of Medical Research, [1] the authors’ affiliation & address were written incorrectly and it should be consider as1. Shiraz Syed- Senior Resident Surgeon, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Uttarakhand, Dehradun248140, India 2. Sumbul Syed- Post graduate student, Department of Psychology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201313, India 3. Kshitij Bhardwaj- Intern, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand- 248001, India

Prevalence of surgical site infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among post-operative patients at a tertiary hospital in Lafia Nasarawa state, Nigeria

Background: Surgical site infection is a common challenge to both the surgical patients and the surgical specialists and may lead to morbidity and mortality. The aetiologic agents vary from one place to the other, ditto the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. This study determined the prevalence of surgical site infection, the aetiologic agents and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary health facility in Lafia. Methods: The study was carried out over 5 (2015 – 2019) year period on post operative patients at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) in the surgical and obstetrics and gynaecological wards. Swab taken from infected wounds were cultured using 2 plates of blood agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer technique. The data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results obtained were presented in tables. Significant p value is < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 28.6 ± 11.2 years. Of the 408 surgical patients seen within the 5 year period, 15 (3.7%) had surgical sites infection given a prevalence of 3.7%. A total of 6.6% of the patients who had undergone surgeries were immune-compromised. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the two cultured organisms accounting for 75% and 25% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed that all (100%) were sensitive to the quinolone (ciprofloxacin). Conclusion: Surgical site infection is most common in the third decade of life with a mean age of 28.6 ± 11.2 years. There is a low prevalence of surgical site infection from this study. Eschericia coli and Klebsiella species were the two common organism isolated with both having a good sensitivity to ciprofloxacin

An Investigation on the Cases of Bitten by Animals in Yazd City

Common diseases between humans and animals are an important public health priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite referring to rabies prevention centers in Yazd University of Medical Sciences in 2018. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bite were examined in the rabies prevention center of Yazd city during 2018. Demographic and epidemiological data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. The results of the study show that 1,750 cases of bite occurred in adolescents and males. In this study, the most common bite was in the age group of 15 to 19 (33.3%) in terms of age distribution. The most common animal was bitten by cats in urban areas. According to the bite season, the highest bite in this study was summer and the lowest in spring. Given the high incidence of bite in the province, it is recommended to plan for educational and care activities to reduce the incidence of bite

Clinical and radiological epidemiological features of smear-positive tuberculosis patients in the era of triple antiretroviral therapy

Introduction: The aim of this work was to compare the epidemiological, clinical and radiological aspects during bacilliferous tuberculosis between HIV positive patients under ARV treatment and HIV negative. Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive and comparative study conducted from December 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 (6 months) at Jamot Yaoundé Hospital. Smear-positive tuberculosis patients meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. We split them into two groups, HIV + and HIV - Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. The comparison of the data was made by the Chi² test, that of the quantitative data with the Student's T test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: For HIV positive, the mean age was 41.1 ± 14.4 years versus 39.8 ± 14.8 years in the HIV negative group. HIV + patients aged 35 to 44 were more represented [49.5 versus 17.1% (P <0.0001)]. The sex radio was 1.03 for the HIV positive versus 3.31 for the HIV negative group. The HIV + group had fewer single people, had more history of tuberculosis (22.2 versus 9.8%). HIV + patients were more likely to have a WHO performans status score 4, and were more febrile [96.8 versus 85.4% (p = 0.021)]. The normal chest x-ray was more common. Interstitial and alveolar syndromes were less common. Conclusion: The proportions of both sexes were almost identical. Almost half were 35 to 44 years old They had more history of tuberculosis. A WHO score of 4 and were generally febrile. Chest x-ray was often normal.Interstitial and alveolar syndromes were less common.

The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among applicants for receiving the health card

Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) is a public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPIs among applicants for receiving health card in Zarch –a city in Iran-. The current study is a crosssectional descriptive study. This study was conducted with the participation of all food-related people who had referred to Zarch–in Yazd province of Iran- health center to receive a health card in 2020. Finally, the study data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. The results of this study showed that out of 600 participants related to food industry, only 1.3% had intestinal parasites. Also, the frequency distribution of the age of the clients showed that the highest number of participants is related to the age group of 26-35. The education level of the participants showed that more individuals (41.5%) had a diploma. Occupationally, 24% of the participants were related to food industry factories, followed by bakeries. In order to further reduce in the level of contamination with IPI, it is necessary to provide the necessary training to those involved in related- jobs specially the food industry

Evaluation of the proteinuria - Creatininuria ratio for the diagnostic confirmation of preeclampsia in congolese pregnant women

Context: Preeclampsia is a multisystem endothelial disease characterized by hypertension of pregnancy and glomeruloendotheliosis resulting in significant proteinuria. These days, the weight determination of urinary proteins by 24-hour proteinuria (P24) remains the reference method for biologically confirming this condition. However, the completion of the exam appears to be very burdensome with a long waiting period for results. Hence the need to use a simple alternative method such as the proteinuria / creatininuria ratio (PCR). Aims: Improve the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia by using a simple, less restrictive but reliable diagnostic method. Methodology: The study compared the results obtained from P24 versus PCR in confirming the diagnosis of preeclampsia in 149 Congolese women in whom the disease was suspected thanks to the urine dipstick. The cut-off values used for the diagnosis of preeclampsia were, for P24, a proteinuria> 300 mg / 24 h and for PCR a value> 30 mg / mmol. Results: Of the 149 pregnant women in whom the diagnosis of preeclampsia was suspected using the urine dipstick, only 85.9% had a P24> 300 mg. This diagnostic confirmation rate was similar to that obtained with PCR (86.6%). A linear correlation was found between P24 and PCR in the quantification of proteinuria and in the diagnosis of preeclampsia (r² = 0.627, p <0.004). Comparing the pathological values diagnosed by the two methods, the agreement was 89.1% (kappa = 0.767). The PCR showed an excellent predictive performance of maternal-fetal complications at the optimal threshold of 30.8 mg / mmol corresponding to a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 95% (Youden index 0.866). This threshold was 323 mg / 24h corresponding to a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 61.9% (Youden index 0.459) for P24. Conclusion: PCR seems to be a good alternative to P24 in confirming the diagnosis of preeclampsia in the settings most affected by this pathology