scholarly journals Measurement of tibiofemoral angle in Nepalese children: a clinical study in normal subjects between ages of 1-8 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akesh Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Nepalese Children

In evaluation of genu valgum/varum Tibiofemoral angle (TF), Inter-condylar Distance (IC) and Inter-malleolar Distance (IM) are commonly measured. In this study normal limits and mean values of TF angle IC/IM distances was determined in 413 normal Nepalese children aged between 1-8 years using clinical methods. A significantly higher degree of valgus angle was noted compared to other studies performed in different races. The maximal mean valgus angle was 10.5 at 4-5 years for boys and 10.6 at 6-7 years for girls. Conclusion: A measurable varus or valgus angle higher than 11 degrees during this period should be considered abnormal.

Comparison Between Plasma Levels of β-Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Various Diseases

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuda ◽  
T. Seki ◽  
M. Ogawara ◽  
R. Miura ◽  
M. Yokouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Contentrations of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4) in platelet poor plasma were determined using radioimmunoassay in 97 healthy subjects and 307 hospitalized patients. In normal subjects, mean values (and SEM) of β-TG and PF-4 were 37±2 ng/ml and 8.3+1.5 ng/ml, respectively. Levels of β-TG increased with age. A statistically significant correlation between concentrations of β-TG and PF-4 was observed in 30 normal subjects (r=0.77, p<0.001). Levels of these protein increased in cases of DIC, acute deep vein thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attacks, diabetes mellitus with retinopathy or nephrotic syndrome, whereas these decreased in patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia. In a case of DIC with suppressed production of platelets in bone marrow, concentrations of β-TG and PF-4 remained within normal limits. There were few cases, in whom discrepancies between levels of β-TG and PF-4 were observed. Following oral administration of dipyridamole (300 mg daily), concentrations of β-TG and PF-4 decreased. From these results, it is concluded that elevation of β-TG ot PF-4 indicates hypercoagulable states.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

Identification of N-Monoacetylcystine in Uraemic Plasma

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gejyo ◽  
G. Ito ◽  
Y. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

1. An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance of an acidic nature was detected in the plasma of uraemic patients. This substance was isolated from haemodialysate by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and identified as a sulphur-containing amino acid: N-monoacetylcystine. 2. The quantitative determination of sulphur amino acids in plasma revealed that the plasma levels of cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, taurine, cystine and cystathionine as well as N-monoacetylcystine in uraemic patients were markedly higher than in normal subjects (P < 0.001 for each). However, the plasma levels of methionine in uraemic patients were within normal limits.

The Most Important Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Hand Length

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Methods: A total of 131 patients with clinical symptoms of CTS and 131 normal subjects were enrolled, of whom 121 were female both in the CTS cases and the controls. All cases were electro diagnostically confirmed and assigned to three severity groups. BMI, wrist ratio, shape index, digit index and hand length/height ratio were measured in all participants. Mean values for each item were compared between cases and controls and severity subgroups. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent CTS risk factors. Results: The mean values of BMI, wrist ratio and shape index were significantly higher in all CTS patients and females compared to controls, whereas in males only BMI and wrist ratio were higher. The patients in the mild severity subgroup had a significantly lower age and wrist ratio. BMI, wrist ratio and shape index were found to be independent risk factors of CTS development in all patients and females. Conclusion: Our study showed BMI, wrist ratio and shape index as independent risk factors for CTS. These findings are important anatomically and clinically and these are the risk factors of anatomical malfunction of the wrist in CTS.

Frequency response of the chest: modeling and parameter estimation

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Peslin ◽  
J. Papon ◽  
C. Duviver ◽  
J. Richalet
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Order Equation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tissue Compliance ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Gas Compressibility

The frequency response of the respiratory system was studied in the range from 3 to 70 Hz in 15 normal subjects by applying sinusoidal pressure variations around the chest and measuring gas flow at the mouth. The observed input-output relationships were systematically compared to those predicted on the basis of linear differential equations of increasing order. From 3 to 20 Hz the behavior of the system was best described by a 3rd-order equation, and from 3 to 50 Hz by a 4th-order one. A mechanistic model of the 4th order, featuring tissue compliance (Ct), resistance (Rt) and inertance (It), alveolar gas compressibility (Cg) and airway resistance (Raw), and inertance (Iaw) was developed. Using that model, the following mean values were found: Ct = 2.08–10(-2)1-hPa-1 (1 hPa congruent to 1 cm of water); Rt = 1.10-hPa-1(-1)-s; It = 0.21–10(-2)hPa-1(-1)-s2; Raw = 1.35-hPa-1(-1)-s; Iaw = 2.55–10(-2)hPa-1(-1)-s2. Additional experiments devised to validate the model were reasonably successful, suggesting that the physical meaning attributed to the coefficients was correct. The validity of the assumptions and the physiological meaning of the coefficients are discussed.

Stability of cerebrospinal fluid pH in chronic acid-base disturbances in blood

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mitchell ◽  
C. T. Carman ◽  
J. W. Severinghaus ◽  
B. W. Richardson ◽  
M. M. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptors ◽  
Mean Values

In chronic acid-base disturbances, CSF pH was generally within the normal limits (7.30–7.36 units, being the range including two standard deviations of 12 normal subjects). The mean values of CSF and arterial pHH, respectively, were: 1) metabolic alkalosis, 7.337 and 7.523; 2) metabolic acidosis, 7.315 and 7.350; 3) respiratory alkalosis, 7.336 and 7.485; and 4) respiratory acidosis (untreated), 7.314 and 7.382. Other investigators report similar values. The constancy of CSF pH cannot be explained by a poorly permeable blood-CSF barrier in chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, nor can it be explained by respiratory compensation. It cannot be explained by renal compensation in respiratory alkalosis (high altitude for 8 days), although it may be explained by renal compensation in respiratory acidosis. The former three states suggest that active transport regulation of CSF pH is a function of the blood-CSF barrier. Since CSF pH is constant, so also must that portion of the respiratory drive originating in the superficial medullary respiratory chemoreceptors be constant. Ventilation changes in chronic acid-base disturbances thus may result from changes in the activity of peripheral chemoreceptors, in response to changes in arterial pH, arterial PO2, and possibly in neuromuscular receptors. regulation of respiration; medullary respiratory; chemoreceptors; peripheral chemoreceptors; metabolic acidosis and alkalosis; respiratory acidosis and alkalosis; active transport; blood-brain barrier; pregnancy Submitted on July 27, 1964

scholarly journals Neurofibrillary Tangles in the Dementia of “Normal Pressure” Hydrocephalus

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn J. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The One

SUMMARY:Routine neuropathological examination could not explain the dramatic improvement exhibited by one patient with “normal pressure” hydrocephalus after shunting. The improved patient contrasted remarkably with the unchanged condition of four others also shunted successfully. The five brains were analysed by quantitative morphometry to determine the degree of neurofibrillary tangle formation in mesial temporal neurons. The density of tangle-bearing nerve cells in the four unimproved cases was markedly greater than in age-matched control brains from nineteen normal subjects, and fell in the same range as that of eight dements with neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. The density of the one who recovered was within normal limits.The duration of dementia before shunting, and the total duration of dementia in these five patients rank in the same order as their degree of neurofibrillary formation. Furthermore, a positive linear correlation exists between the Tangle Indices and the total duration of dementia. The data suggest that early diagnosis may improve the chances of reversing the dementia of normal pressure hydrocephalus before histological alterations prove too severe.

The Optimal Position for Arthrodesis of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb: A Clinical Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
M. J. SALDANA ◽  
E. N. CLARK ◽  
P. L. AULICINO
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Functional Position

Arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is a well-accepted procedure. Recommendations for position of fusion have varied from 0 to 30° of flexion. Two hundred of these joints in normal subjects were measured in thirteen positions of function for different tasks. The mean of all thirteen measured positions was considered to be the “optimal functional position”. Based on this study, we recommend the metacarpophalangeal joint of males be fused in approximately 25° of flexion and females in 20° of flexion.

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