scholarly journals A Comparative Study Between Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Ropivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Jeevan Singh ◽  
Samir Shakya ◽  
Anuranjan Ghimire ◽  
Sanjay Saha ◽  
Parikshit Bikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Though, various studies have been conducted to show the efficacy of            dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to brachial plexus block, there is no clear consensus for its optimal dose. We compared 2 different doses of dexmedetomidine (1mcg/kg Vs 2mcg/kg) with ropivaciane in USG guided brachial plexus block for the quality of anesthesia and analgesia. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (18-50years, 50-60kgs), ASA PS I and II undergoing surgery of upper limb were enrolled in this prospective, double blind, randomized control trial. Group Rd received 19ml of 0.5% Ropivaciane with 1mcg/kg  of dexmedetomidine (total 20ml), and Group RD received 19ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine with 2mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine (total 20ml). Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, sedation score, hemodyanamic changes were compared. We also monitored for various un towards effects. Results: The onset time of sensory and motor block (9.36±1.114 mins and 14.40 ± 1.528 mins in group Rd vs 8.32 ±0.945 mins and 12.40 ± 1.21 mins in group RD) were not significantly different between two groups (p-value > 0.05).The duration of sensory and motor block (596.20 ± 76.859 mins and 541.20±81.564 mins in group Rd vs 730.80 + 65.187 mins and 659.80±93.607 mins in group RD) were not significantly longer in group RD than group Rd (p-value > 0.05). The duration of analgesia (626.00±70.475 mins in group Rd vs 754.00±60.139 mins in group RD) were not significantly longer in group RD than group Rd (p-value > 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters were also comparable between two groups (p-value >0.05) but 3 patients in RD group (2mcg/kg) developed bradycardia and required treatment with atropine whereas in Rd group (1mcg/kg) none developed bradycardia. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the onset and duration of block between the two groups. However, higher dose of    dexmedetomidine is associated bradycardia. Hence, in comparision with 2mcg/kg, 1mcg/kg of   dexmedetomidine is better adjuvant to 0.5% ropivaciane in terms of safety and effectiveness.Keywords: dexmedetomidine; ropivacaine; supraclavicular brachial plexus block. 

Effect of Dexamethasone on The Duration of Analgesia for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Laila Yesmin ◽  
Md Pervez Rahman ◽  
ABM Shafiul Anam Khan ◽  
Md Miraj Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block

Background: Brachial plexus block with Bupivacaine provides effective intraoperative anesthesia and analgesia. The use of dexamethasone along with local anesthetic has been shown to improve the duration of analgesia. Objective: To observe the effect of Dexamethasone on the duration of analgesia for Supraclavicular Brachial plexus block. Materials and Methods: A prospective, double-blind study was undertaken in patients scheduled for upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group (BD) and B. Group B received 28 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2 ml normal saline while Group BD received 28 ml of 0.25% bupivacain with 2ml (8mg) dexamethasone for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The groups were compared regarding quality of sensory and motor blockade. All the information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in respect of demographic and American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) status. Mean age was found to 34.7±8.53 years. In Group (BD) , 63.3% were ASA I and 36.6% were ASA II. In Group B, 60% were ASA I and 40% were ASA II. It has become evident that satisfactory anaesthesia can be made possible by addition of adjuvant to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block (in Group-BD). onset of sensory block was faster in Group BD (8.17 ± 1.4 min) than Group B (9.12 ± 1.68 min). Similarly mean onset time of motor block in group A was 12.26 ± 3.96 min, and 11.58 ± 3.68 min in group B. Our study shows that duration of motor block was 408.68±26.96 min and 380.26 ± 24.11 min in group BD and Group B respectively. Conclusion: There was significantly prolonged duration of analgesia in addition of Dexamethasone without any unwanted effects. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 199-203

scholarly journals Effect of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Sabin Gauchan ◽  
Samyukta Acharya ◽  
Dikshya Karki
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Group D

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 50μg dexmedetomidine on the onset and duration of block and duration of analgesia when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: Eighty patients of ASA physical status I and II undergoing elective upper limb surgery under ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block were randomly divided into two groups: Group D and Group B. Group D (n=40) received 19.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.5 ml (50 μg) dexmedetomidine. Group B (n=40) received 19.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.5 ml normal saline. Onset time of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia was recorded. Results: Onset time of sensory block (10.55±4.84 min in Group D vs 12.50 ±5.20 min in Group B) and motor block (15.85±5.9min in Group D vs 18.35±5.6min in Group B) though earlier in Group D as compared to Group B was not statistically significant (p value =.087 for sensory block and p value=.058 for motor block). The duration of sensory block (772.20 ±167.84 min in Group D vs 398.38 ±129.839min in Group B) and motor block (725.63±140.964min in Group D vs 361.88±128.764 min in Group B) was statistically significantly prolonged in Group D (p value= .000 for sensory and p value =.000 for motor block). The Duration of analgesia (845.93±184.545min in Group D vs 430.04±121.307 min in Group B) was also statistically significantly prolonged in group D (p value= .000). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine (50 μg) as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine solution in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration (sensory and motor) of block as well as the duration of analgesia with no effect on the onset time of block. Keywords: brachial plexus block; bupivacaine; dexmedetomidine. Correspondance: Dr.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nalbuphine with Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1791-1793
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block by nalbuphine and compare it to ropivacaine alone. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Fatima Memorial Hospital/College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore from 1st June 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methods: Ninety six patients of both genders with ages 20 to 65 years undergoing upper limb surgical procedure electively were included. All the patients were divided equally in to two groups, each group consist of 48 patients. Group A treated with ropivacaine with nalbuphine and group B treated with ropivacaine normal saline. Effectiveness between both groups was examined. Results: No significant difference was observed regarding age, gender, body mass index and ASA class I/II between both groups with p-value >0.05.A significant difference was found regarding onset time of sensory and motor block between both groups (p=0.001). Mean sensory block duration in group A was more 425.18±17.82 minutes as compared to group B 254.43±20.44 minutes. Mean duration of motor block was also more in group A 418.65±20.84 minutes as compared to group B 226.15±12.52 minutes. Duration of analgesia was high in group A as compared to group B with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: In supraclavicular brachial plexus block 0.75% with 10mg of nalbuphine is particularly effective in sensory, motor, and analgesic periods in relation to ropivacaine alone. Keywords: Supraclavicular, Brachial plexus block, Ropivacaine, Nalbuphine, Duration of analagesia

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF FENTANYL AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS AN ADJUVANT TO BUPIVACAINE IN SUPRACLAVICULAR BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK: A RANDOMIZED-DOUBLE BLIND PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Karan ◽  
Swastika Swaro ◽  
Swarna Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Plexus Block

ABSTRACTObjectives: Supraclavicular block of brachial plexus provides complete and reliable anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Using adjuvant to localanesthetics, blocks can be prolonged to long durations. Peripheral nerve blocks thus help in avoiding the hazards of general anesthesia. We comparedthe sensory blockade, motor blockade, and duration of analgesia with the addition of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for supraclavicularbrachial plexus block.Methods: A total of 50 American Society of Anesthesiologist’s Physical Status I and II patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries undersupraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into two equal groups in a randomized double-blinded fashion. Group BF received 30 mlbupivacaine with fentanyl 50 µg and Group BD received 30 ml bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine 50 µg. The characteristics for anesthesia andanalgesia were assessed in both groups.Results: Duration of sensory and motor block was 363.4±38.36 minutes and 357±36.77 minutes, respectively, in Group BF while it was452.96±77.12 minutes and 441.52±48.46 minutes in Group BD. There was a statistically significant difference in onset of sensory and motorblock between the two groups. The duration of analgesia (time to requirement of rescue analgesia) in Group BD was longer than in Group BF(471.44±65.88 minutes vs. 366.48±38.02 minutes) with (p<0.0001). There were minimum hemodynamic disturbances and side effects in any groupexcept for Grade 3 sedation score which was more in Group BD.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine, when added to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block, enhanced the duration of sensory and motorblock and also the duration of analgesia, more than when fentanyl was added to bupivacaine.Keywords: Fentanyl, Dexmedetomidine, Bupivacaine, Supraclavicular brachial block.

scholarly journals A Comparison of 0.5% Ropivacaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine for Axillary Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. McGlade ◽  
M. V. Kalpokas ◽  
P. H. Mooney ◽  
D. Chamley ◽  
A. H. Mark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulator ◽  
Upper Limb Surgery ◽  
Plexus Block

The purpose of this study was to compare the use of 0.5% ropivacaine with 0.5% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia. Sixty-six patients undergoing upper limb surgery were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial. Five patients were subsequently excluded for various reasons. Of the remaining patients, 30 received 40 ml of 0.5%) ropivacaine and 31 received 40 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. Brachial plexus block was performed by the axillary approach using a standardized technique with a peripheral nerve stimulator. Parameters investigated included the frequency, onset and duration of sensory and motor block, the quality of anaesthesia and the occurrence of any adverse events. The six principal nerves of the brachial plexus were studied individually. The frequency for achieving anaesthesia per nerve ranged from 70 to 90% in the ropivacaine group and 81 to 87% in the bupivacaine group. The median onset time for anaesthesia was 10 to 20 minutes with ropivacaine and 10 to 30 minutes with bupivacaine, and the median duration was 5.3 to 8.7h with ropivacaine and 6.9 to 20.3h with bupivacaine. Motor block was evaluated at the elbow, wrist and hand, and was completely achieved at a rate of 60 to 73% in the ropivacaine group and 55 to 71% in the bupivacaine group. The median duration of motor block was 6.5 to 7.5h with ropivacaine and 6.0 to 9.0h with bupivacaine. These parameters were not statistically different. The duration of partial motor block at the wrist (6.8 v 16.4h) and hand (6.7 v 12.3h) was significantly longer with bupivacaine. Ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5%) appeared equally efficacious as long-acting local anaesthetics for axillary brachial plexus block.

Comparative study of (0.5%) levobupivacaine and (0.75%) ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block by lateral approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Jitesh Kumar ◽  
. Sweta ◽  
Kumari Kanak Lata ◽  
B. K. Prasad ◽  
V. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Upper Limb Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Plexus Block

Background: As compared to general anaesthesia, brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery gives fewer side effects and better postoperative analgesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine and compare it with 0.75% ropivacaine.Methods: For this prospective randomized, controlled study, 60 patients of both sexes of ASA grade 1 and 2 were enrolled and divided into two groups and supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed by lateral approach using 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.75% ropivacaine. The onset of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block and analgesia and possible adverse events were recorded.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the onset of sensory block in both groups. Onset of motor block was significantly faster in levobupivacaine group (P<0.05). Duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia was significantly longer in levobupivacaine group (P<0.05).Conclusions: 0.5% levobupivacaine is better alternative to 0.75% ropivacaine in brachial plexus block in term of early onset of sensory block and long duration of analgesia.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Dexamethasone to Local Anaesthetics in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Islam ◽  
MHMD Hossain ◽  
AA Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block

Introduction: Many-a-time local anaesthesia appears as a very effective alternative of general one. Different additives have been used to prolong regional blockade. Objective: This prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to local anaesthetics on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: Sixty adult patients undergoing various orthopaedic surgeries on forearm and around the elbow under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected and divided into 2 groups of 30 each. In group-A patients received 35 ml of mixture of lignocaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% while in group-B patients received the same amount of local anaesthetics with dexamethasone (8 mg). The onset of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in two groups were compared and development of complications were observed. Result: The two groups were comparable in demographic data. The mean onset time of sensory block was 11.64±2.19 minutes in group A and 9.89±1.97 minutes in group B and difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Onset of motor block was 13.32±0.98 minutes in group A and 11.09±1.28 minutes in group B and difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was markedly prolonged duration of analgesia in group-B, 11.87± 0.53 hours compared to group-A, 3.43±0.49 hours. The result was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Both the groups had high success rate (>90%). The incidence of complication was low in both the groups. Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics in brachial plexus block results in significantly early onset and markedly prolonged duration of analgesia without any unwanted effects. Key words: Supraclavicular block; analgesia; local anaesthetics; dexamethasone DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8619 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 11-14

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomized Study to compare Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Patients Undergoing Forearm Orthopaedic Surgeries under Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075-2081
Author(s):  
Wasim Khursheed Mir ◽  
Vipin Kumar Varshney ◽  
Md Shahbaz Alam ◽  
Prateek Singh ◽  
G.S. Jheetay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Prospective Randomized Study ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Plexus Block

Background: Brachial plexus block utilizing ultrasound imaging has now become either adjuvant to general anaesthesia (GA) or as a mainstay anaesthesia modality. There are fewer studies comparing the effects of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The aim of this study was to do a prospective randomized study to compare 0.5% Levobupivacaine and 0.5% Ropivacaine in patients undergoing forearm orthopaedic surgeries under Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups. Group R with 28 patients was given 30mL of 0.5% Ropivacaine and Group L with 28 patients were given 30 mL of 0.5% Levobupivacaine, drugs were used for giving supraclavicular block under ultrasound. Parameters assessed were onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, and any adverse events. After administration of block, the block characteristics were assessed every 5mins till the onset of the complete blockade, then hourly till the effect of the block. Data between the groups were analysed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: Demographically both the groups were comparable in the study. The study shows that there was a statistically significant difference in onset of sensory block in Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine (7.54 mins ± 2.10 vs 8.55 mins ± 2.08), similarly there was the difference in onset of motor block in Levobupivacaine 12.95 mins ± 2.30 vs Ropivacaine 14.07 mins ± 2.22. The duration of analgesia was more in the group of patients Levobupivacaine (9.98 hours ± 4.88) Ropivacaine (8.03 hours ± 3.58) Conclusion: the onset of action of sensory and motor was early in Levobupivacaine group with faster recovery of motor function as compared to the equivalent dose of Ropivacaine. Levobupivacaine has a better profile in terms of duration of analgesia. Keywords: Brachial plexus block, ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, supraclavicular brachial plexus block, ultrasound guidance

The effect of adding Magnesium sulfate to Bupivcaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Medhat Eid ◽  
Sahar Kamal Aboul ella ◽  
Hala Salah El-Din El-ozairy ◽  
Thabet Aziz Naser
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Plexus Block

Abstract Background Brachial plexus is a bundle of nerves that arises from the neck crossing through the axilla to supply the whole upper limb with motor and sensory supply. The aim in upper limb surgeries is to block this plexus using local anesthetics. Objective To study the effect of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Patients and Methods In our study 82 adult patients (age group 18-60, ASA I-II) were randomly and evenly divided into two equal groups (41 patients each), control group received only bupivacine 0.5 % and magnesium group received 2.5ml of 10% of magnesium in addition to bupivacine 0.5%. Patients were in semisitting position 45° the block was introduced US guided. Results Our study showed that addition of 250 mg of magnesium to bupivacine slightly delayed the onset time of both sensory and motor block (p value &gt;0.05) which was non significant. Conclusion The addition of 250 mg magnesium sulfate to bupivacaine 0.5 % solution in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade, the duration of postoperative analgesia and reduces the requirement of rescue analgesic without any detected side effects.

scholarly journals Anaesthetic and analgesic eects of adding fentanyl to bupivacaine-lignocaine mixtures in supraclavicular brachial plexus block – a comparative study with or without fentanyl

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Farhanaz Zainab ◽  
Mohammad Omar Faruq ◽  
Moumita Talukder ◽  
Sabina Yeasmeen ◽  
AKM Shamsul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block

Brachial plexus block is gaining popularity day by day for upper extremity surgery because it has manifold advantages. Supraclavicular approach offers a high success rate for elbow, forearm, hand surgery. Different mixtures of local anesthetics are intended to provide faster block onset than long-acting agents and to extend the duration typically seen with intermediate or short-acting agents. This prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted to compare the onset time of sensory block, onset time of motor block and time to achieve complete block, duration of analgesia adding fentanyl with bupivacaine-lignocaine mixtures in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. A total of 60 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study & devided into two groups. Group A received lignocaine-bupivacaine mixtures( 1% lignocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine) and was considered control; group Group B received fentanyl (100?g) with the local anaesthetic mixtures( 1% lignocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine). The mean onset of sensory and motor block were significantly early in group B compared with that of group A. The mean time to achieve complete block and duration of analgesia were significantly longer in group B. It was revealed in the study that patients of group B had no pain up to 4 hrs, there was first reporting of pain (VAS >4) around 5 hrs, the worst pain was experienced after 8 hrs, first dose of analgesic was administered according to patient’s request. The patients of group A had no pain up to 3 hrs. Thereafter pain intensity increased at 4 hrs, around 6 hrs postoperatively the patients experienced the worst pain . This feature reveals a significantly longer duration of analgesia in group B. This study revealed that addition of fentanyl significantly causes early onset of anaesthesia and longer duration of analgesia without any side effects.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 26-31

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document