Pięć rewolucji przemysłowych – przyczyny, przebieg i skutki (ujęcie historyczno-analityczne)

The article explores industrial revolutions in chronological order. The article begins with explaining the concept of the industrial revolution. The opening section examines the first two industrial revolutions that caused great economic and social changes. The second section focuses on the third industrial revolution, which involves information technology, the development of means of transport, telecommunications and nuclear energy. The previews of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 appearing on the horizon are also briefly examined. The final part indicates that technological innovations are the engine of changes in the economy, but also affect the form of, among others, democracy and interpersonal relationships that shape new ways of communication. Special attention is given to the biggest changes that concern labour market: new technologies create great opportunities for educated and creative employees, while excluding those who are not able to adapt to the new requirements.

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The Exponential Nature of Technology

The Digital Mind ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262036030.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arlindo Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

Technological Development ◽

Exponential Functions ◽

The Third ◽

Agricultural Revolution ◽

Nature Of Technology ◽

History Of ◽

Third Industrial Revolution ◽

Industrial Revolutions

This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v9n2p90 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Min Xu ◽

Jeanne M. David ◽

Suk Hi Kim

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

World Economic Forum ◽

The Third ◽

Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽

Separate Event ◽

The World ◽

World Economic ◽

Automate Production ◽

Third Industrial Revolution ◽

Industrial Revolutions

The fourth industrial revolution, a term coined by Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, describes a world where individuals move between digital domains and offline reality with the use of connected technology to enable and manage their lives. (Miller 2015, 3) The first industrial revolution changed our lives and economy from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Oil and electricity facilitated mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, information technology was used to automate production. Although each industrial revolution is often considered a separate event, together they can be better understood as a series of events building upon innovations of the previous revolution and leading to more advanced forms of production. This article discusses the major features of the four industrial revolutions, the opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution.

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Scientific organization of innovative labour

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202111600037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 00037

Author(s):

Andrey Kuznetsov ◽

Nikolai Zakharov ◽

Marina Perfiljeva

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

New Product ◽

Scientific Organization ◽

The Third ◽

Incentive Program ◽

Innovative Work ◽

Necessary And Sufficient ◽

Third Industrial Revolution ◽

Industrial Revolutions

The industrial revolutions that have passed so far have been an alternation of “machine revolutions” and “labor organization revolutions”. The third industrial revolution, which created the modern digital communication world, became a prerequisite for the formation of a new organization of work. This new organization is, first of all, the organization of labor of workers involved in the development of a new product, or the organization of innovative labor of workers. The study of the types of innovative labor shows that at least three models need serious improvement, which the authors have assigned the following names: “design” model, “competitive” and “creative”. The scientific organization of innovative labor involves identifying for each model: necessary and sufficient working conditions, including everyday and professional comfort; determination of conditions for the formation of motivational guidelines adequate to their activities among members of collectives engaged in innovative work; developing a clear incentive program based on legal and simple principles of rewarding and punishment.

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