The Exponential Nature of Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.

“Industrial Legislatures”: Consensus Standardization in the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-674
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Digital Cellular ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

My dissertation is a study of standardization in four communications networks: AT&T's monopoly telephone network, the Internet, digital cellular telephone networks, and the World Wide Web. A history of these networks that highlights standardization shows how engineers in industry committees replaced managers in monopoly hierarchies as the stewards of standards for communication networks. By the end of the twentieth century, the new networks—and the new institutions devised to sustain the standardization process—formed the technological and ideological infrastructure of the Third Industrial Revolution.

scholarly journals Pięć rewolucji przemysłowych – przyczyny, przebieg i skutki (ujęcie historyczno-analityczne)

Studia BAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zamorska
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The article explores industrial revolutions in chronological order. The article begins with explaining the concept of the industrial revolution. The opening section examines the first two industrial revolutions that caused great economic and social changes. The second section focuses on the third industrial revolution, which involves information technology, the development of means of transport, telecommunications and nuclear energy. The previews of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 appearing on the horizon are also briefly examined. The final part indicates that technological innovations are the engine of changes in the economy, but also affect the form of, among others, democracy and interpersonal relationships that shape new ways of communication. Special attention is given to the biggest changes that concern labour market: new technologies create great opportunities for educated and creative employees, while excluding those who are not able to adapt to the new requirements.

scholarly journals The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Jeanne M. David ◽  
Suk Hi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Separate Event ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Automate Production ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The fourth industrial revolution, a term coined by Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, describes a world where individuals move between digital domains and offline reality with the use of connected technology to enable and manage their lives. (Miller 2015, 3) The first industrial revolution changed our lives and economy from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Oil and electricity facilitated mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, information technology was used to automate production. Although each industrial revolution is often considered a separate event, together they can be better understood as a series of events building upon innovations of the previous revolution and leading to more advanced forms of production. This article discusses the major features of the four industrial revolutions, the opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution.

scholarly journals Book Review: How Creating Customer Value Makes You a Great Executive by Gautam Mahajan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Galdolage
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of value perceptions in marketing goes back to the end of the 19th century, to the industrial revolution which gave rise to ‘transaction marketing’. It made a dichotomy between the customer and producer, making value one-way directional from the provider to the customer. In the early 1990s, many ‘industrial nations' which were recognised as ‘production-led economies' started transforming into ‘service led’ seeking to establish long-term relationships with customers focusing on customer retention more than attracting new customers. However, value creation in the third millennium, progressively transformed into a new stage giving priority to the collaborative perspective of value creation which termed as co-creation. Cite this book review: B.S. Galdolage. (2021). Book Review: How Creating Customer Value Makes You a Great Executive by Gautam Mahajan, Vidyodaya Journal of Management, 7(1), 163-165.

scholarly journals Az ipari forradalmak és az infokommunikációs fejlődés földrajzi összefüggései a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Local Levels

Several industrial revolutions have occurred historically that can be considered important milestones in the history of mankind. Each of them has brought about enormous social and economic changes and their feats of engineering have also considerably contributed to the development of telecommunications. Based on the international literature, the main aim of this study is to demonstrate the connection between industrial revolutions and the development of telecommunication in a historical context. The article also attempts to reveal some geographical aspects of this relationship, focusing on the third and fourth industrial revolutions when the development of telecommunications accelerated as well. Different research has proven that info-communication has had a great impact on economic development as well as on location choice, employment, and regional development. However, the geographical consequences of the fourth industrial revolution in particular cannot be seen clearly yet, as spatial changes require more time, but in the future they can be very significant on both global and local levels.

scholarly journals Scientific organization of innovative labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov ◽  
Marina Perfiljeva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Product ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The industrial revolutions that have passed so far have been an alternation of “machine revolutions” and “labor organization revolutions”. The third industrial revolution, which created the modern digital communication world, became a prerequisite for the formation of a new organization of work. This new organization is, first of all, the organization of labor of workers involved in the development of a new product, or the organization of innovative labor of workers. The study of the types of innovative labor shows that at least three models need serious improvement, which the authors have assigned the following names: “design” model, “competitive” and “creative”. The scientific organization of innovative labor involves identifying for each model: necessary and sufficient working conditions, including everyday and professional comfort; determination of conditions for the formation of motivational guidelines adequate to their activities among members of collectives engaged in innovative work; developing a clear incentive program based on legal and simple principles of rewarding and punishment.

THE ROOTS OF MODERN CAPITALISM: A MARXIST ACCOUNTING HISTORY OF THE ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CAPITALIST LANDLORDS IN ENGLAND

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Bryer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

A major debate neglected by accounting historians is the importance of landlords in the English agricultural revolution. The paper uses accounting evidence from the historical literature to test Marx's theory that, from around 1750, England's landlords played a pivotal role by adopting and then spreading the capitalist mentality and social relations by enclosures and changes in the management of their estates and tenants. It gives an accounting interpretation of Marx's theory of rent and argues that the available evidence supports his view that the conversion of English landlords to capitalism underlay the later stages of the agricultural revolution. The conclusion explains the linkages in Marx's theory between the agricultural and industrial revolutions, and calls on accounting historians to conduct archival research into the agricultural roots of modern capitalism.

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