CHAPTER 8: THE ARCTIC CULTURES OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR (4200 TO 500 CAL BP)

ABSTRACTWe sequenced a portion of the D-loop region in over 1000 Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) samples from 67 locations across Newfoundland and Labrador to assess the extent of secondary contact among the Arctic, Atlantic, and Acadian glacial lineages in Newfoundland and Labrador. Within Labrador, the Arctic and Atlantic lineages were widespread. Two locations (one landlocked and one with access to the sea) also contained individuals of the Acadian lineage, constituting the first record of this lineage in Labrador. Atlantic and Acadian lineage individuals were found in both eastern and western Newfoundland. Multiple sampling locations in Newfoundland and Labrador contained fish of two or more different glacial lineages, implying their introgression. Glacial lineage did not appear to dictate contemporary genetic divergence between the pale and dark morph of char present in Gander Lake, Newfoundland. Both were predominately of the Atlantic lineage, suggesting the potential for their divergence in sympatry. This study reveals Newfoundland and Labrador to be a unique junction of three glacial lineages which have likely hybridized extensively in this region.

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Oil and Ice in the Beaufort Sea

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400000280 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 18 (114) ◽

pp. 237-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Peter Wadhams

Keyword(s):

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Beaufort Sea ◽

The Arctic ◽

Oil Resources ◽

Pack Ice ◽

Sustained Operation ◽

Fast Ice ◽

Environmentally Sensitive ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada

As the world's oil resources dwindle, the search for new supplies is touching regions of the globe previously considered too hostile for any kind of sustained operation. The ice-infested coastal waters of eastern and northern Canada are one such region. Already rigs have been at work off Newfoundland and Labrador where there is a long ice-free season and where drifting icebergs are the chief danger. Wells have been drilled on land in the Arctic islands and in one case from fast ice artificially thickened by flooding. However, a proposal to drill in the environmentally sensitive Beaufort Sea aroused widespread concern because of the enormous damage that could be caused by an accidental oil spill or by the blowout of an offshore well. People realized that the polar pack ice presents great dangers, that almost no information existed on the interactions between oil and sea ice, and that the oceanography and biology of the Beaufort Sea were understood only sketchily. To remedy these deficiencies a major environmental impact study, the Beaufort Sea Project, was undertaken in 1974–75 by the federal government of Canada and the oil industry acting in co-operation. The study also served the purpose of definng the conditions and restrictions under which the government would allow offshore drilling to proceed.

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Finnish botanists and mycologists in the Arctic

Arctic Science ◽

10.1139/as-2016-0051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 525-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henry Väre

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Kola Peninsula ◽

New Taxa ◽

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

18Th Century ◽

The Arctic ◽

Exact Number ◽

The Soviet Union

Finnish botanists and mycologists have studied Arctic areas and timberline regions since the beginning of the 18th century. Most expeditions to the Kola Peninsula were made between 1800 and 1917 and until 1945 to Lapponia petsamoënsis on the western rim of the Kola Peninsula. Since those years, these areas have been part of the Soviet Union or Russia. Svalbard and Newfoundland and Labrador have been studied repeatedly as well, Svalbard since the 1860s and Newfoundland and Labrador since the 1930s. This article focuses on Finnish collections. These are deposited in the herbaria of Helsinki, Turku, and Oulu universities, except materials from the Nordenskiöld expeditions, which were mainly deposited in Stockholm. Concerning the Kola Peninsula, collections at Helsinki are the most extensive. The exact number of specimens is not known, but by rough estimation, the number is about 60 000, with an additional 110 000 observations included in the database. These expeditions have provided material to describe 305 new taxa to science, viz. 47 algae, 78 bryophytes, 25 fungi, 136 lichens, and 19 vascular plants. This number is an underestimate, as many new species have been described in several separate taxonomic articles. At least 63 persons have contributed to making these collections to Finnish herbaria. Of those, 52 are of Finnish nationality.

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A Large-Scale Systematic Study of Palaeoeskimo Soapstone Vessel Fragments from Newfoundland and Labrador

ARCTIC ◽

10.14430/arctic4592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John C. Erwin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Study ◽

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Large Scale ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The Arctic

The examination of Palaeoeskimo soapstone vessel fragments from the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador provides a better understanding of the use and significance of this technology. While researchers have tacitly accepted the function of soapstone vessels and their use by these populations on the basis of ethnographic analogy, no large-scale systematic study of these vessels has ever been produced to test these assumptions in this region. Results of this study, which are based upon the measurement of more than 3600 soapstone vessel fragments, demonstrate ways in which vessel function may be determined from both morphological characteristics and carbonization patterns. It is also concluded that there are recognizable stylistic differences between vessels used in Labrador and those used on the Island of Newfoundland. The methods employed in this study may be useful in the examination of similar vessels elsewhere in the Arctic.

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