Tensile Testing of Ceramics and Ceramic-Matrix Composites

2004 ◽  
pp. 163-182
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Abstract This chapter describes the advanced ceramic materials that include both noncomposite, or monolithic, ceramics (for example, oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides) and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). It describes the rationale for use of ceramics and intrinsic limitations of ceramics. The chapter presents four key considerations that must be taken into account when carrying out tensile tests on advanced monolithic ceramics and CMCs. These include effects of flaw type and location on tensile tests, separation of flaw populations, design strength and scale effects, and lifetime predictions and environmental effects. The chapter discusses the advantages, problems, and complications of four basic categories of tensile testing techniques as applied to ceramics and CMCs. These categories are true direct uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperatures, indirect tensile tests, tests where failure is presumed to result from tensile stresses, and high-temperature tensile tests.

scholarly journals Noninteractive Macroscopic Reliability Model for Ceramic Matrix Composites With Orthotropic Material Symmetry

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Duffy ◽  
J. M. Manderscheid
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Weakest Link ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

A macroscopic noninteractive reliability model for ceramic matrix composites is presented. The model is multiaxial and applicable to composites that can be characterized as orthotropic. Tensorial invariant theory is used to create an integrity basis with invariants that correspond to physical mechanisms related to fracture. This integrity basis is then used to construct a failure function per unit volume (or area) of material. It is assumed that the overall strength of the composite is governed by weakest link theory. This leads to a Weibull-type model similar in nature to the principle of independent action (PIA) model for isotropic monolithic ceramics. An experimental program to obtain model parameters is briefly discussed. In addition, qualitative features of the model are illustrated by presenting reliability surfaces for various model parameters.

NDE Characterization and Mechanical Behavior in Ceramic Matrix Composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Guk Kim ◽  
Sung Tae Kwon ◽  
Won Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Qualitative Relationship ◽  
Microscopy Characterization

Several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, including ultrasonic C-scan, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and infrared (IR) thermography, were employed on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to illustrate defect information that might effect mechanical behavior and to analyze structural performance of CMCs. Prior to tensile testing, through C-scan and CT analyses results, the qualitative relationship between the relative ultrasonic transmitted amplitude and porosity based on CT was exhibited. An IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages and to determine temperature changes during tensile testing. Moreover, scanning-electron microscopy characterization was used to perform microstructural failure analyses. This paper describes the use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to facilitate the understanding of tension behavior of CMCs.

Erosion in Gas-Turbine Grade Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kedir ◽  
C. Gong ◽  
L. Sanchez ◽  
M. J. Presby ◽  
S. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Erosion Behavior ◽  
Image Mapping ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Multiple Material ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics ◽  
Matrix Hardness

Erosion behavior of a large number of gas-turbine grade ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was assessed using fine to medium grain garnet erodents at velocities of 200 and 300 m/s at ambient temperature. The CMCs used in the current work were comprised of nine different SiC/SiCs, one SiC/C, one C/SiC, one SiC/MAS, and one oxide/oxide. Erosion damage was quantified with respect to erosion rate and the damage morphology was assessed via SEM and optical microscopy in conjunction with 3-D image mapping. The CMCs response to erosion appeared to be very complicated due to their architectural complexity, multiple material constituents, and presence of pores. Effects of architecture, material constituents, density, matrix hardness, and elastic modulus of the CMCs were taken into account and correlated to overall erosion behavior. The erosion of monolithic ceramics such as silicon carbide and silicon nitrides was also examined to gain a better understanding of the governing damage mechanisms for the CMC material systems used in this work.

Erosion in Gas-Turbine Grade Ceramic Matrix Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kedir ◽  
C. Gong ◽  
L. Sanchez ◽  
M. J. Presby ◽  
S. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Erosion Behavior ◽  
Image Mapping ◽  
Multiple Material ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics ◽  
Matrix Hardness

Erosion behavior of a large number of gas-turbine grade ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was assessed using fine to medium grain garnet erodents at velocities of 200 and 300 m/s at ambient temperature. The CMCs used in the current work were comprised of nine different SiC/SiCs, one SiC/C, one C/SiC, one SiC/MAS, and one oxide/oxide. Erosion damage was quantified with respect to erosion rate and the damage morphology was assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy in conjunction with three-dimensional (3D) image mapping. The CMCs response to erosion appeared to be very complicated due to their architectural complexity, multiple material constituents, and presence of pores. Effects of architecture, material constituents, density, matrix hardness, and elastic modulus of the CMCs were taken into account and correlated to overall erosion behavior. The erosion of monolithic ceramics such as silicon carbide and silicon nitrides was also examined to gain a better understanding of the governing damage mechanisms for the CMC material systems used in this work.

Effect of Microporosity on Damage Initiation in Ceramic Matrix Composites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhasini Gururaja ◽  
Abhilash Nagaraja
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Homogenization Approach ◽  
Matrix Porosity ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Abstract Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are a subclass of composite materials consisting of reinforced ceramics. They retain the advantages of ceramics such as lower density and better refractory properties but exhibit better damage tolerance compared to monolithic ceramics. This combination of properties make CMCs an ideal candidate for use in high temperature sections of gas turbines. However, modeling the damage mechanisms in CMCs is complex due to the heterogeneous microstructure and the presence of processing induced defects such as matrix porosity. The effect of matrix pore location and orientation on damage initiation in CMCs is of interest in the present work. CMCs fabricated by various fabrication processes exhibit matrix pores at different length scales. Microporosities exist within fiber bundles in CMCs have a significant effect on microscale damage initiation and forms the focus of the current study. In a previous work by the authors, a two step numerical homogenization approach has been developed to model statistical distribution of matrix pores and to obtain the effective mechanical properties of CMCs in the presence of matrix porosity. A variation of that approach has been adopted to model matrix pores and investigate the severity of pores with respect to their location and orientation. CMC microstructure at the microscale has been modeled as a repeating unit cell (RUC) consisting of fiber, interphase and matrix. Ellipsoidal pores are modeled in the matrix with pore distance from the interphase-matrix interface and pore orientation with respect to the loading direction as parameters. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are specified on the RUC by means of constraint equations. The effect of the pore on the local stress fields and its contribution to matrix damage is studied.

Development of a curved layer LOM process for monolithic ceramics and ceramic matrix composites

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Klosterman ◽  
Richard P. Chartoff ◽  
Nora R. Osborne ◽  
George A. Graves ◽  
Allan Lightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Design, Analysis, Fabrication and Testing of a CMC Combustor Can

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Low Emission

To meet the requirement of high engine efficiency and low emission, ceramic materials that can stand higher temperatures than super alloys in a corrosive environment are being considered for the gas turbine components in the hot gas path. This paper considers various issues in applying ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to combustor can. The closely related problems in the design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of a CMC combustor can are discussed. Results of detailed thermal and stress analyses are presented.

Damage Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) during Tensile Testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 2533-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Guk Kim ◽  
Jong Duk Chung ◽  
Joon Hyun Lee ◽  
Yeon Uk Jeong ◽  
Yong Ki Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Flash Method ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Damage Characterization

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were used for the tensile damage characterization in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Ultrasonic testing (UT) and infrared (IR) thermography were employed to assess defects and/or damage evolution before and during mechanical testing. Prior to tensile testing, a UT C-scan and a xenon flash method were performed to obtain initial defect information in light of UT C-scans and thermal diffusivity maps, respectively. An IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages. The IR camera measured temperature changes during tensile testing. This paper has presented the feasibility of using NDE techniques to interpret structural performance of CMCs.

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