ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
I.I. Raksha ◽  
N.O. Dobrianska

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, are an actual problem that continues to bother doctors and health care providers. After all, the consequences of urogenital infections are harm to the sexual and reproductive health of the population, to future generations. The level of registration of individual STIs continues to increase, which puts before the health care system and society as a whole the urgent task of preventing the harmful effects of this pathology on public health. In recent years, according to research, the epidemiological characteristics of STIs have changed dramatically. These changes are associated with the expansion of the age and social composition of STI patients. There are changes in the etiology of STIs and the antimicrobial resistance of their pathogens. There are new mechanisms of resistance of STI agents in the most important antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs. There is every reason to believe that the problem of antibiotic-resistant strains will continue to exist, which hampers the effectiveness of treatment regimens. Efforts at many levels are important to effectively address this problem, particularly in the areas of new drug development, alternative treatment regimens, and further research on testing antimicrobial resistance.

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Zhao ◽  
May Lau ◽  
David Vermette ◽  
David Liang ◽  
Glenn Flores

Asian American adolescents have been reported to have the lowest amount of communication with health care providers regarding sexual health topics (sexual activity, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy prevention). This study identified Asian American adolescents’ attitudes/beliefs regarding how health care providers can be most helpful in communicating about sexual health topics. Twenty participants revealed the following information: (a) confidentiality concerns resulted in lying to health care providers about sexual histories or refusing hormonal contraception, (b) a general lack of knowledge regarding sexual health topics, and (c) a hesitancy to discuss sexual histories with Asian American health care providers. Asian American adolescents expressed a need for privacy from parents regarding their sexual behaviors, and want health care providers to initiate conversations and provide information about sexual health topics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
Natasha Johnson

Abstract Sexual activity and experimentation are normative parts of adolescent development that may, at the same time, be associated with adverse health outcomes, including the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancy, and teen dating violence. Anticipatory guidance regarding sexual and reproductive health for teens should address normal sexual development issues, such as identity and attractions, safe relationships, safer sex, and contraception. Health care providers can enhance the sexual education of the youth they see and help mitigate negative health outcomes. This practice point offers a ‘7-P’ approach to ensure that health care providers obtain comprehensive sexual health assessments for adolescents. Teen issues such as identity, confidentiality, and consent, and dating violence are discussed, and Canadian Paediatric Society resources are cited to provide more detailed care pathways on related issues: contraception, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections.


Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. F. Holmes ◽  
Dyfrig A. Hughes

The threat of antimicrobial resistance has global health and economic consequences. Medical strategies to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, to conserve the effectiveness of current antimicrobials in the long term, inevitably result in short-term costs to health care providers. Economic evaluations of health care interventions therefore need to consider the short-term costs of interventions, to gain future benefits. This represents a challenge for health economists, not only in terms of the most appropriate methods for evaluation, but also in attributing the potential budget impact over time and considering health impacts on future populations. This commentary discusses the challenge of accurately capturing the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions aimed at tackling antimicrobial resistance. We reflect on methods to capture and incorporate the costs and health outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance, the appropriateness of the quality-adjusted-life year (QALY), individual time preferences, and perspectives in economic evaluation.


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