Investigating the Impact of Tolls on High-Occupancy-Vehicle Lanes Using Managed Lanes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2099 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Burris ◽  
David H. Ungemah ◽  
Maneesh Mahlawat ◽  
Mandeep Singh Pannu
Keyword(s):  
Managed Lanes ◽  
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes ◽  
The Impact

Tracking the Impact of a Toll Increase on Managed Lane Travel Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Burris ◽  
Sruthi Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Managed Lanes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Tolled managed lanes (ML) are an innovative way to increase capacity and regulate demand on roadways. They are still relatively new and a lot remains unknown about how travelers choose to use MLs or not. This paper uses disaggregate real-world travel data of travelers who choose between paying a toll to use ML or travel toll free on the adjacent general purpose lanes (GPL). The travel behavior before and after a toll increase is evaluated. The change in toll rates did not affect the overall ML use as anticipated. Overall, ML use increased after the toll increase. In addition, frequent ML users (more than 10 ML trips in a month) and infrequent ML users (1–3 ML trips in a month) behaved differently following the increase in the toll.

Maximizing toll revenue and level of service on managed lanes with a dynamic feedback-control toll pricing strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danhong Cheng ◽  
Sherif Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Dynamic Feedback ◽  
Managed Lanes ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Toll Pricing ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, congestion pricing emerged as a cost-effective and efficient strategy to mitigate congestion on freeways. This study develops a dynamic toll pricing strategy based on feedback control rules and compares its performance with the current strategy deployed on the I-95 express lanes in south Florida. The proposed strategy aims to maximize the toll revenue while maintaining a minimum desirable level of service on the managed lanes. A detailed numerical example is provided to demonstrate how the proposed strategy works and the performance is examined for low and high traffic demand. An external module is developed to execute the strategy in real time during VISSIM runtime. The impact of the value of time based on the income level is also examined. Three values in the range of 60% to 120% of the mean hourly income are used. The results show that for high demand, an increase in the probability of choosing managed lanes becomes more evident, with the highest increase observed for the case of 120%. Also, during high traffic demand, high income groups exhibit higher probabilities of choosing the managed lanes despite the increase in toll rate due to the increase in travel time savings. When compared to the currently adopted toll pricing strategy on I-95, the proposed strategy shows a steadier toll rate profile and a greater overall toll revenue, while maintaining the speed at nearly 72.4 kph (45 mph).

scholarly journals Analysing the Impact of Traffic Incidents on the Travel Time Reliability of Freeway High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xianzhe Chen ◽  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Jinjun Tang ◽  
Yichuan Peng ◽  
Lingtao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes ◽  
Hov Lanes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transportation Agencies

This study aims to examine the impact of traffic incidents occurring on general purpose lanes (GPLs) on the travel time reliability of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on freeways and to evaluate the differences of travel time reliability on GPLs and HOV lanes under the same incident conditions. In this paper, an empirical travel time reliability analysis is conducted using the travel time and incident data collected between 2009 and 2012 on Interstate 5 and Interstate 405 of the Seattle metropolitan area. Three incident types (i.e., shoulder incident, single lane incident, and multiple lane incident) are considered. Two measures, percentile-based indicator and inflow–percentile travel time function, are used. The results suggest that incidents result in lower values of travel time reliability for all the measures. The results also show that multiple lane incident type has the most significant impact on the freeway route travel time reliability, while shoulder incident type has the least impact. Generally, HOV lanes have higher travel time reliability than GPLs under the same incident types. The findings in this study provide useful decision support for transportation agencies to improve travel time reliability on freeways.

Effect of Geometric Factors on Lateral Position of Vehicles in Freeway Buffer-Separated Managed Lanes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2616 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás E. Lindheimer ◽  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Raul Avelar ◽  
Jeffrey D. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Managed Lanes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Buffer Width ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 3 in the 2004 AASHTO high-occupancy-vehicle guidelines includes a prioritized trade-off table of various design options for high-occupancy-vehicle lanes (now known as managed lanes). The design trade-offs include the reduction of lane, shoulder, or buffer width. The key measure thought to be affected by lane, shoulder, and buffer width is lateral position. The presented study identified the relationship between operations and cross-section width, including the type of buffer design separating the managed lanes from the general-purpose lanes. This research study collected lateral position data on existing managed lane facilities with a range of geometric elements within both tangent and horizontal curves and identified potential relationships between the geometric design element values and the measure of effectiveness. The field studies included data collected at 28 sites with fixed video cameras and along 161 centerline miles with an instrumented vehicle that recorded data for the vehicle immediately in front of the instrumented vehicle. The study found that managed-lane drivers shifted away from the pylons placed in the buffer. Horizontal alignment (tangent or curve) and the direction of the horizontal curve (left or right) influenced lateral position. Left shoulder, lane, and buffer width affected lateral position. Modifying a 6.5-ft shoulder to a minimum shoulder (i.e., 1.5 ft) will result in drivers moving to the right about 0.5 ft; however, if an 18.5-ft shoulder is reduced by 5 ft, the impact in operations is negligible (drivers would shift only about 0.11 ft toward the right).

Cost-Effectiveness of High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes in Texas

2000 ◽  
Vol 1711 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger Daniels ◽  
William R. Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Hov Lanes ◽  
The Impact

One method of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes is examined. By use of MicroBENCOST, a planning-level economic analysis tool, and more than a decade of HOV lane documentation in Texas, benefit-cost ratios for all HOV lanes in the state are developed. Estimates of benefits using actual cost data are compared with benefits calculated using the Highway Capacity Manual techniques incorporated into the program. Each HOV lane is assessed as both a stand-alone project and an alternative to two additional general-purpose freeway lanes. The results show that the potential benefit of either alternative varies significantly by corridor. One key variable is manipulated in order that the impact of the HOV lane under increasing total daily traffic in the corridor can be determined. The findings show that the role and effectiveness of the HOV lane vary significantly by type of lane (reversible, contraflow, concurrent) as total corridor traffic increases. These findings may be useful in examination of corridors where HOV lanes are being considered.

State Legislative Issues for Managed Lanes in Texas

2003 ◽  
Vol 1856 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Beverly Kuhn ◽  
Debbie Jasek
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Managed Lanes ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Congestion Mitigation ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
High Occupancy Toll Lanes ◽  
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes ◽  
Operational Concept ◽  
State Legislative

The managed lane concept is currently being considered on major free way projects in Texas cities. The term managed lanes encompasses a variety of facility types, including high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, single-occupancy vehicle express lanes, special-use lanes, and truck lanes. The premise of the managed lanes concept is to increase freeway efficiency and provide free-flow operations for certain freeway users by packaging various operational and design strategies. The strategies deployed offer the flexibility to be adjusted to match changing corridor and regional goals. Research undertaken in Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) research project Operating Freeways with Managed Lanes, which assessed state legislative needs necessary for Texas to legally and successfully implement the various types of managed lane facilities across the state, is discussed. Texas statutes may require changes in various areas to allow the implementation of managed lanes, including defining managed lanes as an operational concept in Texas, authorizing entities to develop managed lane facilities for congestion mitigation purposes, allowing entities operational flexibility with managed lane facilities, authorizing entities to develop exclusive lane facilities for congestion mitigation purposes, authorizing TxDOT to establish lane restrictions for congestion mitigation purposes, removing the time-of-day limitation on current municipal authorization for lane restrictions, and making the unlawful violation of any managed lane facility in Texas punishable by fine.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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