Use of Continuous Friction Measurement Equipment to Predict Runway Condition Rating on Unpaved Runways

2017 ◽  
Vol 2626 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeb S. Tingle ◽  
Gregory J. Norwood ◽  
Brian Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Surface Friction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Friction Measurement ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Condition Rating ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The objective of this research was to develop a correlation between the runway condition rating (RCR) and runway surface friction measurements for dry and wet unpaved runways supporting C-17 aircraft operations. To achieve this objective, flight tests were conducted with an instrumented C-17 on several unpaved runways of different soil types under a variety of surface moisture conditions. A trailer-based continuous friction measurement device was used to conduct continuous surface friction measurements along the runway immediately before and following each C-17 landing event. These data were used to correlate the runway surface friction values from the device to the RCR computed from aircraft performance data. An accurate prediction of RCR allows predictions of aircraft stopping performance under adverse weather conditions.

scholarly journals Driver Preference and Level of Trust Related to Real-Time Road Freezing Risk Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Moataz Bellah Ben Khedher ◽  
Choong Heon Yang ◽  
Jin Guk Kim ◽  
Duk Geun Yun ◽  
Sung Pil Shin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Bad Weather

Bad weather conditions can affect normal driving by substantially hindering visibility. Among all adverse weather conditions, road freezing is probably the most dangerous to drivers because slippery roads reduce surface friction and can lead to loss of vehicle control. This paper evaluates driver preference of receiving real-time road freezing risk information and explores the factors that would most influence drivers’ trust in a future road freezing information service. A survey was conducted in the metropolitan areas of South Korea during January and February 2019. The survey was completed by 231 driver’s license holders of 18 years or older, and the results were used for statistical analysis. According to the survey results, the variable message sign (VMS) is a very important system from the perspective of public benefit. Car-navigation systems are preferred for age categories of 21∼30 and over 50. In addition, ordinal regression was used to analyze the causal relationship between the level of trust regarding road freezing risk information and its controlling factors. The ordered log odds of drivers with previous accident experience due to slippery roads exhibit a higher level of trust in road freezing risk information because the coefficient is positive. Moreover, drivers with a constant commute time show a lower level of trust in road freezing risk information. These findings provide a foundation for planning the scope of future road freezing risk information service, as well as the specific service targets and type of information, especially during the winter season.

scholarly journals Development of smartphone-based semi-prepared runway operations (SPRO) models and methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ward ◽  
Anthony Falls ◽  
Craig Rutland
Keyword(s):  
Slip Surface ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Condition Rating ◽  
Correlative Models ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed a method for predicting surface friction response by use of ground vehicles equipped with deceleration-based measurement devices. Specifically, the ERDC has developed models and measurement methods between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and a variety of deceleration measurement devices: Bowmonk AFM2 Mk3, Xsens MTi-G-710, two Android smartphones, and two iOS smartphones. These models show positive correlation between ground vehicle deceleration and fixed-slip surface continuous surface friction measurement. This effort extends prior work conducted by the U.S. Army ERDC in developing highly correlative models between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and actual C-17 braking deceleration, measured via the runway condition rating (RCR) system. The models and measurement methods detailed here are of considerable use to semi-prepared airfield managers around the world needing to measure safe landing conditions following inclement weather. This work provides the tools necessary for airfield managers to quantify safe landing conditions for C-17 aircraft by using easily obtainable equipment and simple test standards.

scholarly journals Developing a Traffic Management Framework for Coastal Expressway Bridges under Adverse Weather Conditions: Case Study of Rain Day in Shenzhen, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenming Jiang ◽  
Jian John Lu ◽  
Yuming Jiang ◽  
Xiaonan Cai ◽  
Anning Ni
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Alternate Routes

Adverse weather can reduce visibility and road surface friction, lower vehicle maneuverability, and increase crash frequency and injury severity. The impacts of adverse weather and its interactions with drivers and roadway on the operation and management of expressway or expressway bridges have drawn the researchers’ and managers’ attention to develop traffic management frameworks to mitigate the negative influence. Considering the peculiar geographical location and meteorological conditions, the Guangshen Coast Expressway-Shenzhen Segment (GSCE-SS) was selected as a case in this study to illustrate the proposed traffic management framework on rain days. Conditions categorized by rainfall intensity and traffic flow were the main precondition to make the management decisions. CORSIM simulator was used to develop the alternate routes choice schemes, providing reference for other systems in the proposed traffic management framework. Maps of (a) entrance ramp control (ERC) strategies; (b) mainline control strategies; (c) alternate routes choice; (d) information release schemes, under scenarios of different volume and rainstorm warning grades (BLUE to RED), were drawn to present a reference or demonstration for managers of long-span expressway bridges not only in China, but even in the world.

scholarly journals Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽  
José M. Pérez-Canosa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
New Type ◽  
Technological Challenge ◽  
And Performance

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.

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