Sequestration of LINE-1 in novel cytosolic bodies by MOV10 restricts retrotransposition

LINE-1 (L1) are autonomous retroelements that have retained their ability to mobilize. Mechanisms regulating L1 mobility include DNA methylation in somatic cells and the Piwi-interacting RNA pathway in the germline. During pre-implantation stages of mouse embryonic development, however, both pathways are inactivated leading to a critical window necessitating alternate means of L1 regulation. We previously reported an increase in L1 levels in Dicer_KO mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Intriguingly this was accompanied by only a marginal increase in retrotransposition, suggestive of additional mechanisms suppressing L1 mobility. Here, we demonstrate that L1 Ribonucleoprotein complexes (L1 RNP) accumulate as aggregates in Dicer_KO cytoplasm along with the RNA helicase MOV10. The combined overexpression of L1 RNAs and MOV10 is sufficient to create L1 RNP aggregates in stem cells. In Dicer_KO mESCs, MOV10 is upregulated due to the loss of its direct regulation by miRNAs. The newly discovered post-transcriptional regulation of Mov10 expression, and its role in preventing L1 retrotransposition by driving novel cytosolic aggregation affords alternate routes to explore for therapy and disease progression.

An IoT Based Intelligent Traffic Management System and Its Implementation on Cupcarbon for Smart Cities

This paper proposes an internet of things (IoT) based intelligent traffic management system that can aid problematic traffic situations in smart cities by classifying congestions via sensory data, and then controlling traffic lights and creating alternate routes for incoming vehicles to the congested zones in order to relieve or avoid congestions completely. The proposed intelligent traffic management system consists of different subsystems such as Test Operation, Supervisory, Traffic Light, and Pathfinder subsystems. The system is represented by flowcharts with their explanations and its operation with some defined scenarios is validated with the CupCarbon simulation environment.

Effects of non-inherited ancestral genotypes on offspring phenotypes

It is well established that environmental exposures can modify the profile of heritable factors in an individual’s germ cells, ultimately affecting the inheritance of phenotypes in descendants. Similar to exposures, an ancestor’s genotype can also affect the inheritance of phenotypes across generations, sometimes in offspring who do not inherit the genetic aberration. This can occur via a variety of prenatal, in utero, or postnatal mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this process in mammals, with a focus on examples that are potentially mediated through the germline, while also considering alternate routes of inheritance. Non-inherited ancestral genotypes may influence descendant’s disease risk to a much greater extent than currently appreciated, and focused evaluation of this phenomenon may reveal novel mechanisms of inheritance.

Changing the Composition of Beginning Teachers: The Role of State Alternative Certification Policies

Drawing on nationally representative data from six cohorts of beginning teachers from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study applies a difference-in-differences research design to examine the relationship between changes to state-level alternative certification policies and the characteristics of new teachers. The introduction of alternate routes into teaching is associated with an increase in the fraction of new teachers of color in a state and the new teachers who graduated from selective colleges. No evidence was found of a relationship with the relative share of male teachers or teachers of in-demand subjects.

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF 2D FLIGHT PLANNING SEARCH ENGINE CONSIDERING FUSION OF SWIM DATA

Flight planning is one of the essential factors of the airline operation. The selection of routes will determine the economic value of the flight. However, some conditions may prevent the flight to use the most optimum route due to airspace restriction or weather condition. The research aims to develop a search engine program that uses dynamic flight parameters that considers fusion of System Wide Information Management (SWIM) data including weather data and NOTAM to produce the most optimum route in 2D flight planning. The Dijkstra’s pathfinding is implemented in Python programming language to produce the flight plan. The navigation data used is enroute airway in Indonesian FIR regions. The scenario used is a flight from Jakarta to Makassar with duration of 2 hours flight with considering the effect of restricted airspace and weather blockage during in-flight. The study also uses the optimum route produced by the algorithm to be compared with the possible alternate routes to define how optimum the route is. Adding a restricted airspace parameter will result in a new optimum flight plan that able avoids the airspace and the most minimum distance. The effect of external wind parameter could influence the optimum route which may vary depends on the speed of the wind.

AN INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION FOR POST-DEPARTURE AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT

The air transportation domain faces issues in air traffic congestion which leads to delays affecting a network of flights. As stakeholders strive to address such issue by applying air traffic flow management (ATFM) actions, there exists an apparent divide in the solution objective and perspectives. In the extant literature, solution approaches involving ATFM actions are often framed from the perspective of only one stakeholder to another. Such a scheme does not comprehensively cover the overall goal of the stakeholders, thus, provides inadequate, even conflicting, solutions. Therefore, this paper proposes an integer linear programming model for a rerouting problem that satisfactorily incorporates the individual interests of stakeholders (i.e., airport management, airline sector, air traffic management) in the commercial aviation industry and the common goal of ensuring safety in flight operations. The proposed model is designed to tactically select an alternate route when the primary route is constrained due to uncertainties such as inclement weather in a post-departure scenario. A hypothetical case study involving multiple destinations and alternate routes is carried out to illustrate the validity of the model. A Demo version of Lingo software is used to run the proposed model. Notable computational results show significant differences of selected routes as individual system interests are taken into isolation compared to when the general, collaborative model is implemented. In other words, the proposed model is able to show that preferences in alternate routes do vary with the individual interests of stakeholders, more so with the integration of the collaborative decision among stakeholders. Therefore, this research work provides a groundwork to a more comprehensive take of managing air traffic scenario involving all phases of flights. This is realized by providing a proof that significant shifts of decision solutions occur when the overall goal of stakeholders is considered rather than taking their individual interests into isolation.

Alternatives to direct emergency department conveyance of ambulance patients: a scoping review of the evidence

Background The role of ambulance services is shifting, due in part to more intermediate, non-urgent patients who do not require direct emergency department conveyance, yet who cannot be safely left at home alone. Evidence surrounding the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of alternate care routes is not well known. Methods This scoping review sought to identify all studies that examined alternate routes of care for the non-urgent “intermediate” patient, as triaged on scene. Search terms for the sample (ambulances, paramedics, etc.) and intervention (e.g. referrals, alternate care route, non-conveyance) were combined. Articles were systematically searched using four databases and grey literature sources (February 2020). Independent researchers screened title-abstract and full text stages. Results Of 16,037 records, 41 examined alternate routes of care after triage by the on-scene paramedic. Eighteen articles considered quantitative patient data, 12 studies provided qualitative perspectives while 11 were consensus or opinion-based articles. The benefits of alternative schemes are well-recognised by patients, paramedics and stakeholders and there is supporting evidence for a positive impact on patient-centered care and operational efficiency. Challenges to successful use of schemes included: patient safety resulting from incorrect triage decisions, inadequate training, lack of formal partnerships between ambulance and supporting services, and insufficient evidence to support safe implementation or continued use. Studies often inaccurately defined success using proxies for patient safety (e.g. decision comparisons, rates of secondary contact). Finally, patients expressed willingness for such schemes but their preference must be better understood. Conclusions This broad summary offers initial support for alternate routes of care for intermediate, non-urgent patients. Even so, most studies lacked methodologically rigorous evidence and failed to evaluate safe patient outcomes. Some remedies appear to be available such as formal triage pathways, targeted training and organisational support, however there is an urgent need for more research and dissemination in this area.