scholarly journals ECONOMIC STUDY OF GREEN ROOFS AS A SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia G. Borràs ◽  
◽  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
...  

Green roofs respond to a need of today’s society to orient its development towards sustainability. Architecture and urban planning, as builders of the modern city, play a crucial role in the search for a balance between social, environmental and economic growth. Green roofs imply recognized benefits in all three fields, but a study of the economic viability of these solutions is necessary, especially in the field of rehabilitation with tighter budgets. Through a cost-benefit analysis throughout its useful life, it is intended to avoid that the initial construction cost of a green roof, or any sustainable construction, could discourage users, helping them to understand its global dimension from an economic point of view.

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-892
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Marzena Majer ◽  
Joanna Krzemień

Abstract The paper presents possibilities of an economic evaluation of hard coal mines, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). Suggested methodology for CBA applied to the economic evaluation of a mine allows to conduct a complex evaluation of mine’s functionality in connection to Polish conditions. Additionally to financial aspects, significant from the point of view of the mine’s owner, the paper includes social and environmental effects as a result of mining activities. Proposed methodology has undergone tests which used averaged data obtained from two selected hard coal mines located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Presented results confirm the validity of social costs and benefits, and environmental losses resulting from mining operation, which were included in analysis comprehensively evaluating the efficiency of hard coal mines.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrotă ◽  
Gabriela Dobrotă ◽  
Tiberiu Dobrescu ◽  
Cristina Mohora

The redesigning of tires is addressed from two points of view, namely the structure of the materials and the constructive shape of these products. The necessity for research is justified by the fact that even during the product design stage, there may be situations that can irreversibly affect the separation of product components (rubber and insertion), and because it is strictly necessary to achieve the reuse and recycling of waste components. The proposed redesign refers to the inscription of the types of materials that are present in each area on the lateral surface of the tire. Thus, the new redesign has positive effects both economically and socially. To highlight these, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been applied and the net present value (NPV) as well as the internal rate of return (IRR) have been determined for the classic scenario and for the two proposed scenarios. Testing the financial sustainability of the proposed solution was done through sensitivity analysis. An analysis of the new tire design from the point of view of the circular economy was also presented. The results obtained have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed solution from a technical, economic, social, and protection of the environment point of view.


2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Antonio Scarpinella ◽  
Sinclair Mallet Guy Guerra ◽  
Ildo Luis Sauer

O processo de decisões quanto às alterações ambientais causadas pela construção e operação do sistema de produção e transmissão de energia elétrica tem sido tradicionalmente instruído pela sua análise econômica do ponto de vista empresarial. Uma análise custo-benefício seria suficiente, dentro deste enfoque. Entretanto, a natureza dessas alterações transcende o cálculo econômico feito sob os parâmetros da teoria econômica neoclássica. Nada mais distante de uma coletividade de indivíduos que maximizam suas utilidades, do que os indivíduos que têm poder de influir sobre as decisões mais importantes do setor. O exame histórico da evolução do setor elétrico no Brasil mostra um cenário em que diferentes grupos de atores sociais ou stakeholders, vêm aplicando diferentes paradigmas de análise nas decisões quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos, alterações nos cursos d’água e na atmosfera. O estudo da dinâmica de evolução dos vários atores sociais, e das relações e embates entre eles são fundamentais para a compreensão do processo histórico. Permite também uma adequada separação e atribuição dos interesses e objetivos aos diversos grupos, pressuposto para qualquer tentativa de síntese em nome de um interesse mais amplo. Abstract The decision making process for the environmental alterations caused by the construction and operation of power plants and transmission system has been instructed traditionally by economical analysis of the business point of view. A cost-benefit analysis would be sufficient, inside of this focus. However, the nature of those alterations transcends economic calculations done under the parameters of the neoclassical economical theory. The individuals that have power of influence over the most important decisions of the power industry couldn’t be more distant of a collectivity of individuals that maximize their utilities. The historical examination of the evolution of the power industry in Brazil shows a scenario in that different groups of stakeholders apply different analysis paradigms in the decisions as for the use of hydro resources, alterations in the water bodies and in the atmosphere. The study of the dynamics of the several social actors’ evolution, and of the relationships and collisions among them are fundamental for the understanding of the historical process. It also allows an appropriate separation and attribution of the interests and objectives to the several groups, presupposition for any synthesis attempt on behalf of a wider interest.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Väinö Nurmi ◽  
Athanasios Votsis ◽  
Adriaan Perrels ◽  
Susanna Lehvävirta

This article presents a green roof cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Green roofs are roofs which are partially or completely covered by vegetation. We discuss the benefits and costs of light self-sustaining vegetated roofs. The benefits of the ecosystem services (ES) provided by green roofs can be classified into private and public benefits. We apply the selected valuation methods first in Helsinki, Finland and subsequently explain how results can be transferred to other urban locations. Past research and this study show that private benefits are usually not high enough to justify the expensive investment for a private decision maker. However, when the public benefits are added to the private benefits, social benefits are higher than the costs of green roofs in most cases.Past research quantified most types of the benefits, excluding scenic and biodiversity benefits. Scenic benefits denote the intangible benefits that people derive from the presence of green space, including at least aesthetic and psychological ones. In this article, special emphasis is placed on the valuation of the scenic benefits; these are among the most challenging benefits to valuate in monetary terms. We employ hedonic pricing theory, implemented via spatial regression models, and green roof implementation scenarios in order to estimate the aggregate willingness to pay for a “unit” of green roof. The results show that the scenic benefits can be a significant attribute in cost-benefit calculations. Yet, the amount of benefits strongly depends on the green roof design.


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