scholarly journals Proposal of Economic Assessment of Hard Coal Mines Operation Conducted in Polish Conditions with the Use of Cost Benefit Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-892
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Marzena Majer ◽  
Joanna Krzemień
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

Abstract The paper presents possibilities of an economic evaluation of hard coal mines, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). Suggested methodology for CBA applied to the economic evaluation of a mine allows to conduct a complex evaluation of mine’s functionality in connection to Polish conditions. Additionally to financial aspects, significant from the point of view of the mine’s owner, the paper includes social and environmental effects as a result of mining activities. Proposed methodology has undergone tests which used averaged data obtained from two selected hard coal mines located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Presented results confirm the validity of social costs and benefits, and environmental losses resulting from mining operation, which were included in analysis comprehensively evaluating the efficiency of hard coal mines.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation strategies in telehealth: Obtaining a more holistic valuation of telehealth interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Centaine Snoswell ◽  
Anthony C Smith ◽  
Paul A Scuffham ◽  
Jennifer A Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Telehealth is an emerging area of medical research. Its translation from conception, to research and into practice requires tailored research and economic evaluation methods. Due to their nature telehealth interventions exhibit a number of extra-clinical benefits that are relevant when valuing their costs and outcomes. By incorporating methods to measure societal values such as patient preference and willingness-to-pay, a more holistic value can be placed on the extra-clinical outcomes associated with telehealth and evaluations can represent new interventions more effectively. Cost-benefit analysis is a method by which relevant costs and outcomes in telehealth can be succinctly valued and compared. When health economic methods are conducted using holistic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis they can facilitate the translation of telehealth research into policy and practice.

Cost–benefit analysis for applied public health economic evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma McIntosh ◽  
Camilla Baba ◽  
Willings Botha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Health Economic Evaluation ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Process Outcomes

Chapter 9 introduces the reader to the stages of cost–benefit analysis (CBA) as specifically applied to public health intervention economic evaluation. The specific focus of this chapter follows on from the messages of Chapter 6 on the relevance of, and methods for, quantifying the ‘outcomes’ of public health interventions in monetary form for CBA. Two case studies focus on the use of stated preference discrete choice experiment (SPDCE) methodology for valuation of multi-attribute benefits comprising health, non-health, and process outcomes of the type likely to occur in PHIs.

The Concept of Cost in the Economic Evaluation of Health Care: A Theoretical Inquiry

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Full Economic Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe costs included in economic evaluations of health care vary from study to study. Based on the theory of cost-benefit analysis, the costs that should be included in an economic evaluation are those not already included in the measurement of willingness to pay (net willingness to pay above any treatment costs paid by the individual) in a cost-benefit analysis or in the easurement of effectiveness in a cost-effectiveness analysis. These costs can be defined as the onsumption externality of the treatment (the change in production minus consumption for those included in the treatment program). For a full economic evaluation, the consequences for those included in the treatment program and a caring externality (altruism) should also be added.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of tetanus prophylaxis by a mathematical model

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.

scholarly journals Findings from the LHC/HL-LHC Programme

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Andrea Bastianin
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
High Luminosity ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

Abstract This note summarizes the results of a social Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The social CBA methodology is well-suited to assess social costs and benefits of the HL-LHC up to 2038. The analysis shows that the ratio between incremental benefits and incremental costs of the HL-LHC with respect to operating the LHC under normal consolidation (i.e. without high-luminosity upgrade) is slightly over 1.7, meaning that each Swiss Franc invested in the HL-LHC upgrade project pays back approximately 1.7 CHF in societal benefits. The rest of the note is organized as follows. We first discuss the merits of CBA; next, we present the methodology and discuss the results.

scholarly journals The Redesigning of Tires and the Recycling Process to Maintain an Efficient Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrotă ◽  
Gabriela Dobrotă ◽  
Tiberiu Dobrescu ◽  
Cristina Mohora
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Points Of View

The redesigning of tires is addressed from two points of view, namely the structure of the materials and the constructive shape of these products. The necessity for research is justified by the fact that even during the product design stage, there may be situations that can irreversibly affect the separation of product components (rubber and insertion), and because it is strictly necessary to achieve the reuse and recycling of waste components. The proposed redesign refers to the inscription of the types of materials that are present in each area on the lateral surface of the tire. Thus, the new redesign has positive effects both economically and socially. To highlight these, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been applied and the net present value (NPV) as well as the internal rate of return (IRR) have been determined for the classic scenario and for the two proposed scenarios. Testing the financial sustainability of the proposed solution was done through sensitivity analysis. An analysis of the new tire design from the point of view of the circular economy was also presented. The results obtained have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed solution from a technical, economic, social, and protection of the environment point of view.

scholarly journals O SETOR ELÉTRICO E A QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL: ECONOMIA DE MERCADO, ECONOMIA DE COMANDO, ECONOMIA REAL

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Antonio Scarpinella ◽  
Sinclair Mallet Guy Guerra ◽  
Ildo Luis Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Historical Examination

O processo de decisões quanto às alterações ambientais causadas pela construção e operação do sistema de produção e transmissão de energia elétrica tem sido tradicionalmente instruído pela sua análise econômica do ponto de vista empresarial. Uma análise custo-benefício seria suficiente, dentro deste enfoque. Entretanto, a natureza dessas alterações transcende o cálculo econômico feito sob os parâmetros da teoria econômica neoclássica. Nada mais distante de uma coletividade de indivíduos que maximizam suas utilidades, do que os indivíduos que têm poder de influir sobre as decisões mais importantes do setor. O exame histórico da evolução do setor elétrico no Brasil mostra um cenário em que diferentes grupos de atores sociais ou stakeholders, vêm aplicando diferentes paradigmas de análise nas decisões quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos, alterações nos cursos d’água e na atmosfera. O estudo da dinâmica de evolução dos vários atores sociais, e das relações e embates entre eles são fundamentais para a compreensão do processo histórico. Permite também uma adequada separação e atribuição dos interesses e objetivos aos diversos grupos, pressuposto para qualquer tentativa de síntese em nome de um interesse mais amplo. Abstract The decision making process for the environmental alterations caused by the construction and operation of power plants and transmission system has been instructed traditionally by economical analysis of the business point of view. A cost-benefit analysis would be sufficient, inside of this focus. However, the nature of those alterations transcends economic calculations done under the parameters of the neoclassical economical theory. The individuals that have power of influence over the most important decisions of the power industry couldn’t be more distant of a collectivity of individuals that maximize their utilities. The historical examination of the evolution of the power industry in Brazil shows a scenario in that different groups of stakeholders apply different analysis paradigms in the decisions as for the use of hydro resources, alterations in the water bodies and in the atmosphere. The study of the dynamics of the several social actors’ evolution, and of the relationships and collisions among them are fundamental for the understanding of the historical process. It also allows an appropriate separation and attribution of the interests and objectives to the several groups, presupposition for any synthesis attempt on behalf of a wider interest.

Water efficiency and economic assessment of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in buildings with one- to three-floor elevations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2422-2434
Author(s):  
Sara Corvaro
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Abstract The focus of the paper is the evaluation of the performance of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems in multi-family buildings with one- to three-floor elevations by means of a cost–benefit analysis. The rainwater is here used for both indoor and outdoor non-potable water consumption. The study was carried out with reference to different residential building typologies (flat and condominium) in a specific local climate condition (Ancona). The buildings are characterized by different rooftop areas (100–400 m2), building floor elevations (one to three floors) and inhabitant numbers (3–54 persons). Moreover, in order to highlight the role of the tank capacity on the performance of DRWH, its capacity was changed in the range 50–200%. The combinations of all these parameters led to 276 test cases. The technical performance is evaluated by means of the water saving and retention efficiencies. The economical assessment is provided by comparing the costs and the savings due to the replacement of the water supplied with the rainwater. It is found that the payback periods changed in the range 10–35 years for the site-specific variables such as local rainfall and water service tariff. Cost–benefit analysis can help the design of DRWH systems, with particular attention to the sizing of the tank.

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