scholarly journals O SETOR ELÉTRICO E A QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL: ECONOMIA DE MERCADO, ECONOMIA DE COMANDO, ECONOMIA REAL

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Antonio Scarpinella ◽  
Sinclair Mallet Guy Guerra ◽  
Ildo Luis Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Historical Examination

O processo de decisões quanto às alterações ambientais causadas pela construção e operação do sistema de produção e transmissão de energia elétrica tem sido tradicionalmente instruído pela sua análise econômica do ponto de vista empresarial. Uma análise custo-benefício seria suficiente, dentro deste enfoque. Entretanto, a natureza dessas alterações transcende o cálculo econômico feito sob os parâmetros da teoria econômica neoclássica. Nada mais distante de uma coletividade de indivíduos que maximizam suas utilidades, do que os indivíduos que têm poder de influir sobre as decisões mais importantes do setor. O exame histórico da evolução do setor elétrico no Brasil mostra um cenário em que diferentes grupos de atores sociais ou stakeholders, vêm aplicando diferentes paradigmas de análise nas decisões quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos, alterações nos cursos d’água e na atmosfera. O estudo da dinâmica de evolução dos vários atores sociais, e das relações e embates entre eles são fundamentais para a compreensão do processo histórico. Permite também uma adequada separação e atribuição dos interesses e objetivos aos diversos grupos, pressuposto para qualquer tentativa de síntese em nome de um interesse mais amplo. Abstract The decision making process for the environmental alterations caused by the construction and operation of power plants and transmission system has been instructed traditionally by economical analysis of the business point of view. A cost-benefit analysis would be sufficient, inside of this focus. However, the nature of those alterations transcends economic calculations done under the parameters of the neoclassical economical theory. The individuals that have power of influence over the most important decisions of the power industry couldn’t be more distant of a collectivity of individuals that maximize their utilities. The historical examination of the evolution of the power industry in Brazil shows a scenario in that different groups of stakeholders apply different analysis paradigms in the decisions as for the use of hydro resources, alterations in the water bodies and in the atmosphere. The study of the dynamics of the several social actors’ evolution, and of the relationships and collisions among them are fundamental for the understanding of the historical process. It also allows an appropriate separation and attribution of the interests and objectives to the several groups, presupposition for any synthesis attempt on behalf of a wider interest.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of tetanus prophylaxis by a mathematical model

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.

scholarly journals Proposal of Economic Assessment of Hard Coal Mines Operation Conducted in Polish Conditions with the Use of Cost Benefit Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-892
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Marzena Majer ◽  
Joanna Krzemień
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

Abstract The paper presents possibilities of an economic evaluation of hard coal mines, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). Suggested methodology for CBA applied to the economic evaluation of a mine allows to conduct a complex evaluation of mine’s functionality in connection to Polish conditions. Additionally to financial aspects, significant from the point of view of the mine’s owner, the paper includes social and environmental effects as a result of mining activities. Proposed methodology has undergone tests which used averaged data obtained from two selected hard coal mines located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Presented results confirm the validity of social costs and benefits, and environmental losses resulting from mining operation, which were included in analysis comprehensively evaluating the efficiency of hard coal mines.

scholarly journals THE CONSUMER DECISION OF CHANGES PURCHASING GLASSES IN OPTICAL NAOMY YEAR 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahjoe Handini Dina ◽  
Ita Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Optical Glasses

The purchase decision process is the process through which consumers when buying a product. It can be seen as a special form of cost-benefit analysis. This study is about knowing the decision of consumers in the purchase of glasses in the form of design, price, services, promotions and materials. The type of research is descriptive research conducted with the main objective to create a picture or a description of a situation objectively with the approach used in the study is Cross-sectional namely researchers put through observation or measurement variables at one time. Research in Optics Naomy shows that in the period July - September 2019 there were 32 respondents consisting of 19 (59.4%) of female respondents and 13 (40.6%) male respondents - men. Most aged 15-25 years as many as 26 people (81.3%), not married as many as 26 people (81.3%), student / student as many as 23 people (71.9%) and earn less than Rp 1 million, 00 as many as 26 people (81.3%). The majority of respondents in the optical Naomy declare eyeweare design is Good (62,5%), the price of the glasses in the optical Naomy is Less Suitable (65,6%), services in the optical Naomy is Good (65,6%), promotion in the optical Naomy is Good (62,5%), materials in optical glasses Naomy Good (56,2%). The decision making process of consumers in the purchase of glasses in the optical Weleri in this study prefer the design (22%) and services (21.8%), materials (21.2%), price (19.8%) and promotions (15.2 %). 

scholarly journals The Redesigning of Tires and the Recycling Process to Maintain an Efficient Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrotă ◽  
Gabriela Dobrotă ◽  
Tiberiu Dobrescu ◽  
Cristina Mohora
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Points Of View

The redesigning of tires is addressed from two points of view, namely the structure of the materials and the constructive shape of these products. The necessity for research is justified by the fact that even during the product design stage, there may be situations that can irreversibly affect the separation of product components (rubber and insertion), and because it is strictly necessary to achieve the reuse and recycling of waste components. The proposed redesign refers to the inscription of the types of materials that are present in each area on the lateral surface of the tire. Thus, the new redesign has positive effects both economically and socially. To highlight these, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been applied and the net present value (NPV) as well as the internal rate of return (IRR) have been determined for the classic scenario and for the two proposed scenarios. Testing the financial sustainability of the proposed solution was done through sensitivity analysis. An analysis of the new tire design from the point of view of the circular economy was also presented. The results obtained have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed solution from a technical, economic, social, and protection of the environment point of view.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC STUDY OF GREEN ROOFS AS A SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia G. Borràs ◽  
◽  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Social Environmental

Green roofs respond to a need of today’s society to orient its development towards sustainability. Architecture and urban planning, as builders of the modern city, play a crucial role in the search for a balance between social, environmental and economic growth. Green roofs imply recognized benefits in all three fields, but a study of the economic viability of these solutions is necessary, especially in the field of rehabilitation with tighter budgets. Through a cost-benefit analysis throughout its useful life, it is intended to avoid that the initial construction cost of a green roof, or any sustainable construction, could discourage users, helping them to understand its global dimension from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals A NEW SIMPLIFIED DECISION MAKING SYSTEM FOR SMALL PROJECTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Secărea Tudorel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Bare Minimum

Making decisions on funding or not funding projects is the most difficult process in management, especially for the state services that have a limited budget. The aim of this study is to establish a new simplified system for evaluating small projects based on translating all values into economic terms. The new system tries to simplify the Cost-Benefit Analysis (on which it is based) to the bare minimum and still keep a high degree of relevance to the decision-making process. The conclusions were somewhat remarkable, mostly because the system gives accurate and relevant data for comparing projects despite its simplicity. The other big benefit of this system is its simple nature and ease of understanding even for people with no economic studies.The applied part of this paper involves an analysis of real projects in Brasov County – Romania and the results of applying Cost-Benefit Analysis and the new method for evaluating projects.The paper concludes proposing a new, modern and simple system for improving decision making on small projects.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Flexibility Retrofits for Coal and Gas-Fueled Power Plants: August 2012 - December 2013

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Venkataraman ◽  
G. Jordan ◽  
M. O'Connor ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
S. Lefton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Gas Fueled

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis of Centralized Wastewater Reuse Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Manager ◽  
Financial Benefits

The present paper carries out a cost benefit analysis of centralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing. This study consists of two parts: financial analysis and economic analysis. The financial analysis is made from the point of view of plant manager, in which financial benefits and cost is calculated. The economic analysis is made from the point of view of society, in which the economic, environmental and social benefits and cost are determined. The results of financial analysis show that the financial benefits are larger than cost, which means the centralized wastewater reuse systems are financially feasible. It implies that the investment on centralized wastewater reuse systems is profitable. The results of economic analysis show that the ratio of benefit to cost is larger than 1, which means the centralized wastewater reuse systems are economically feasible. It implies that centralized wastewater reuse systems have positive effects on the society. From the point of view of plant manager, centralized wastewater reuse systems could operate in a long term, while from the point of view of government or society, the centralized wastewater reuse systems are worth to be promoted.

scholarly journals A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5814
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
Pedro Castillejo ◽  
Victoria Beltran ◽  
Margarita Martínez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Long Run

Although the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is overall positive for the environment and for the sustainable use of resources, the extra effort that requires purchasing an EV when compared to an equivalent internal combustion engine (ICE) competitor make them less appealing from an economical point of view. In addition to that, there are other challenges in EVs (autonomy, battery, recharge time, etc.) that are non-existent in ICE vehicles. Nevertheless, the possibility of providing electricity to the power grid via vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G), along with lower maintenance costs, could prove that EVs are the most economically efficient option in the long run. Indeed, enabling V2G would make EVs capable of saving some costs for their vehicle owners, thus making them a better long-term mobility choice that could trigger deep changes in habits of vehicle owners. This paper describes a cost–benefit analysis of how consumers can make use of V2G solutions, in a way that they can use their vehicle for transport purposes and obtain revenues when injecting energy into the power grid.

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