scholarly journals Brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot of apricot in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drén ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

The aim of our two-year study was to assess incidence of brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot caused by Monilinia laxa in 2003 and 2004. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In both locations, plant protection was performed according to the integrated fruit production guidelines and small untreated plots were set up for each cultivar in both years. In 2003, when weather conditions were dry and hot, brown rot incidence was low (less than 10%) on both blossoms and fruits. Monilinia laxa did not cause significantly different blossom blight and fruit rot at the hilly (Gönc) area compared to the flatland, not even in untreated plots. However, in 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, Incidence reached 95% for blossom blight and 33% for fruit rot in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gone) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially. Fruit rot incidence was similar in both regions as the amount and distribution of rainfall were similar during the fruit ripening period.

scholarly journals The effect of location on the incidence of brown rot blossom and shoot blight infection on apricot

2005 ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
János Nagy ◽  
Mária Dani ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Difference

The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of brown rot blossom and shoot blight and caused by Monilinia laxa. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, incidence reached 95 % for blossom blight and 33 % for shoot blight in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gönc) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially.

scholarly journals Possibilities of brown rot management in organic stone fruit production in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-friendly plant protection against two brown rot species was summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotehcnical, biological, and other control possibilities (elemental sulphur, lime sulphur and copper).

scholarly journals Environmentally-benign plant protection possibilities against domestic Monilinia spp. in organic apple and stone fruit orchards

2005 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Imre Holb ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmental-friendly plant protection against domestical brwon rot species were summarized for oecological pome and stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Furthermore, mechanical, agrotecnical, biological, and other control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials) were shown.

Brown rot of stone fruits on the Murrumbidgee irrigation areas. III. Influence of weather conditions during the harvest period on disease incidence in canning peaches

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Kable
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Weather Patterns

Brown rot caused severe losses on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas in nine of 36 seasons. Slight to moderate losses were more frequent. The influence of weather on incidence of brown rot losses was examined. Losses did not occur unless there was rain when fruits were ripe. Losses never resulted from long damp periods occurring prior to the commencement of harvest. Rain causing surface wetness on ripe fruit of duration in excess of 10 hr was necessary before losses occurred. Severity of losses increased with duration of wetness, losses being most likely and most severe when the duration of surface wetness approached or exceeded 20 hr. The probability of losses increased with increasing number of long rain-induced damp periods during the harvest period. Dews appeared to have little influence on brown rot incidence. Temperatures during damp periods were generally in a range suitable for infection. The most common weather patterns associated with long rain-induced damp periods are described. Losses from fruit rot increase for some 3-5 days after the damp period causing infection, then gradually decline. Springtime brown rot infection was not a prerequisite for fruit rot.

INCIDENCE OF BROWN ROT BLOSSOM BLIGHT (MONILINIA LAXA [ADERHOLD & RUHLAND]) AND FRUIT ROT IN ORGANIC SOUR CHERRY PRODUCTION IN HUNGARY

2008 ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. Holb ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
S. Thurzó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
G. Drén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Laxa

scholarly journals Inoculum Dynamics, Fruit Infection, and Development of Brown Rot in Prune Orchards in California

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
David P. Morgan ◽  
William H. Krueger ◽  
Richard P. Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Artificial Fruit ◽  
Late Stages

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is a destructive disease of stone fruit in California. Disease management requires information on inoculum dynamics and development of latent and visible fruit infections during the season to help make decisions on timing of fungicide treatments and choice of cultural practices. In this study, the daily spore concentration (ascospores and conidia) of M. fructicola in the air was monitored with spore traps in two prune orchards during the growing seasons in 2001 and 2002. The spore concentrations were low to moderate at early bloom, increased at full bloom, and decreased to the lowest level at the end of bloom. Improper timing of fruit thinning and irrigation in midseason increased spore concentration in the air and fruit infections late in the season. Artificial fruit inoculations were conducted periodically in 10 prune orchards in 2002 and 2004, and incidence of fruit rot at different inoculation dates was assessed. Fruit rot development rate increased linearly with inoculation date during the growing season. Natural blossom and fruit infections were monitored periodically in 10 prune orchards, and incidence of latent fruit infection was determined by using the overnight freezing-incubation technique. Incidence of fruit rot also was assessed 2 weeks before harvest in these orchards. The incidence of latent fruit infection at the pit hardening stage significantly correlated with that at the late stages and with the incidence of fruit rot at harvest.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa on Peach and Nectarine using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2305-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Franco Ortega ◽  
Maria del Pilar Bustos López ◽  
Luca Nari ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
North And South America

Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola are two causal agents of brown rot, one of the most important diseases in stone fruit. Two species cause blight on blossoms and twigs and brown rot on fruit in pre- and postharvest. Both species are distributed worldwide in North and South America, Australia, and Japan. In Europe, M. laxa is endemic, while M. fructicola was introduced in 2001 and it is now widespread in several countries. Currently, both species coexist in European stone fruit orchards. Monilinia spp. overwinter in cankers and mummified fruit. Mummy monitoring during winter permits growers to understand which species of Monilinia will be prevalent in an orchard during the following season, permitting planning of an appropriate crop protection. Traditionally, the identification has been carried out using morphological features and even with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that requires time and well-equipped laboratories. In this study, two isothermal-based methods were designed to identify these pathogens in a faster way than using traditional methods. The loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays were validated on some isolates of Monilinia spp. coming from the mummy monitoring according to the international European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization standard (PM7/98), taking into account specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The sensitivity of both assays was checked by monitoring (at different time points) two nectarine varieties artificially inoculated and stored at two different temperatures. The reliability of both LAMP assays against the quantification of the inoculum was compared with previously published quantitative PCR assays. Both LAMP methods were able to detect a low number of cells. These LAMP methods could be a useful tool for monitoring brown rot causal agents in the field and during postharvest.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Treatments and Sanitation Practices on Brown Rot Blossom Blight Incidence, Phytotoxicity, and Yield for Organic Sour Cherry Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
G. Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Disease Pressure

Demand for organically grown fruit, including sour cherry, is rising in Europe and the United States, but the limited tools for disease management have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, management of brown rot blossom blight, caused by Monilinia laxa, was examined for organic sour cherry production in Hungary. Combinations of sanitation practices and fungicide treatments, including copper hydroxide, lime sulfur, and micronized and nonmicronized wettable sulfur, were investigated in 2 years and two cultivars. The effect of fungicide treatments on yield and phytotoxicity on spur-leaf clusters was also determined. Among fungicide treatments suitable for organic production, copper hydroxide and lime sulfur alone or in combination with micronized wettable sulfur were most effective for blossom blight control when applied twice (at closed blossom and full bloom) or three times (at closed blossom, full bloom, and petal fall) during bloom. Both treatments were not as effective as the conventional standard and caused more damage on spur-leaf clusters during wet weather conditions, but significantly increased crop yield compared with the untreated control or wettable sulfur treatments. Micronized and nonmicronized sulfur applied up to three times during bloom were equally effective, did not impact yield, were not phytotoxic, and reduced blossom blight compared with the untreated control. Sanitation (the removal of blighted twigs and mummified fruit) reduced blossom blight in both cultivars compared with nonsanitized plots when disease pressure was high. The need for an integrated approach to effectively manage blossom blight in organic sour cherry production is discussed. This is the first in-depth characterization of cultural and chemical brown rot blossom blight control options for organic sour cherry production.

scholarly journals Incidence of postharvest fungal diseases of apples in integrated fruit production

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Marek Franciszek Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Bull's Eye

In 2014–2017 an investigation was carried out into the occurrence of fungal storage diseases of five apple varieties (Red Jonaprince, Gala, Golden Delicious, Gloster and Ligol) in the Sandomierz orchard region. The fruit was stored at a CA cold storage room with ULO controlled atmosphere for six months. Occurrence of eight storage diseases was found. The most frequently occurring disease was bull’s eye rot and the losses caused thereby were even 24% of the affected fruit. The cultivars most susceptible to this disease were the Golden Delicious and Ligol apples; the least susceptible were the Gloster ones. The apples were significantly less affected by the fungi that cause brown rot, grey mould rot, blue mould rot and apple scab. Very seldom were the symptoms of calyx end rot, mouldy core and core rot, and anthracnose. Varying severity of infection of the varieties was noted in each season of observation.

scholarly journals Possibilities of blossom and twig blight management in organic stone fruit production

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
M. Fazekas ◽  
P. Lakatos ◽  
B. Balla ◽  
J. M. Gáll
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-benign plant protection against blossom and twig blight were summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to blossom and twig blight was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotechnical, biological, and other non-chemical control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials).

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