scholarly journals Environmentally-benign plant protection possibilities against domestic Monilinia spp. in organic apple and stone fruit orchards

2005 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Imre Holb ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmental-friendly plant protection against domestical brwon rot species were summarized for oecological pome and stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Furthermore, mechanical, agrotecnical, biological, and other control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials) were shown.

scholarly journals Possibilities of blossom and twig blight management in organic stone fruit production

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
M. Fazekas ◽  
P. Lakatos ◽  
B. Balla ◽  
J. M. Gáll
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-benign plant protection against blossom and twig blight were summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to blossom and twig blight was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotechnical, biological, and other non-chemical control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials).

scholarly journals Possibilities of brown rot management in organic stone fruit production in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-friendly plant protection against two brown rot species was summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotehcnical, biological, and other control possibilities (elemental sulphur, lime sulphur and copper).

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa on Peach and Nectarine using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2305-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Franco Ortega ◽  
Maria del Pilar Bustos López ◽  
Luca Nari ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
North And South America

Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola are two causal agents of brown rot, one of the most important diseases in stone fruit. Two species cause blight on blossoms and twigs and brown rot on fruit in pre- and postharvest. Both species are distributed worldwide in North and South America, Australia, and Japan. In Europe, M. laxa is endemic, while M. fructicola was introduced in 2001 and it is now widespread in several countries. Currently, both species coexist in European stone fruit orchards. Monilinia spp. overwinter in cankers and mummified fruit. Mummy monitoring during winter permits growers to understand which species of Monilinia will be prevalent in an orchard during the following season, permitting planning of an appropriate crop protection. Traditionally, the identification has been carried out using morphological features and even with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that requires time and well-equipped laboratories. In this study, two isothermal-based methods were designed to identify these pathogens in a faster way than using traditional methods. The loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays were validated on some isolates of Monilinia spp. coming from the mummy monitoring according to the international European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization standard (PM7/98), taking into account specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The sensitivity of both assays was checked by monitoring (at different time points) two nectarine varieties artificially inoculated and stored at two different temperatures. The reliability of both LAMP assays against the quantification of the inoculum was compared with previously published quantitative PCR assays. Both LAMP methods were able to detect a low number of cells. These LAMP methods could be a useful tool for monitoring brown rot causal agents in the field and during postharvest.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Benzimidazole Resistance in Monilinia fructicola from Stone Fruit Orchards in California

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7145-7152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Michael A. Yoshimura ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Fruit Orchards

ABSTRACT Low and high levels of resistance to the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were observed in field isolates of Monilinia fructicola, which is the causative agent of brown rot of stone fruit. Isolates that had low levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as LR isolates) and high levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as HR isolates) were also cold and heat sensitive, respectively. Results from microsatellite DNA fingerprints showed that genetic identities among the populations of sensitive (S), LR, and HR isolates were very high (>0.96). Analysis of DNA sequences of theβ -tubulin gene showed that the LR isolates had a point mutation at codon 6, causing a replacement of the amino acid histidine by tyrosine. Codon 198, which encodes a glutamic acid in S and LR isolates, was converted to a codon for alanine in HR isolates. Based on these point mutations in the β-tubulin gene, allele-specific PCR assays were developed for rapid detection of benzimidazole-resistant isolates of M. fructicola from stone fruit.

scholarly journals Monilinia spp. Causing Brown Rot of Stone Fruit in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Hrustić ◽  
Goran Delibašić ◽  
Ivana Stanković ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Branka Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
First Time

Brown rot is one of the most important pre- and postharvest fungal diseases of stone fruit worldwide. In Serbia, where production of stone fruit is economically important, Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena are widely distributed. In surveys from 2011 to 2013, 288 isolates of Monilinia spp. were collected from 131 localities in 16 districts and from six hosts in Serbia. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis, and morphological characterization, three species of Monilinia were identified as the causal agents of brown rot of stone fruit: M. laxa (89% of isolates), M. fructigena (3%), and M. fructicola (8%). In 2011, M. fructicola was reported for the first time on stone fruit in Serbia, with only one isolate detected. More isolates of M. fructicola were detected in 2012 (2 isolates) and 2013 (20 isolates). The presence of M. fructicola, as well as its increased frequency of detection during the survey, may indicate a change in the population structure of these pathogens, which could have an important impact on brown rot disease management in Serbia.

scholarly journals Brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot of apricot in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drén ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

The aim of our two-year study was to assess incidence of brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot caused by Monilinia laxa in 2003 and 2004. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In both locations, plant protection was performed according to the integrated fruit production guidelines and small untreated plots were set up for each cultivar in both years. In 2003, when weather conditions were dry and hot, brown rot incidence was low (less than 10%) on both blossoms and fruits. Monilinia laxa did not cause significantly different blossom blight and fruit rot at the hilly (Gönc) area compared to the flatland, not even in untreated plots. However, in 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, Incidence reached 95% for blossom blight and 33% for fruit rot in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gone) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially. Fruit rot incidence was similar in both regions as the amount and distribution of rainfall were similar during the fruit ripening period.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance Among Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides With Brazilian Monilinia fructicola Isolates as a Foundation to Discuss Brown Rot Control in Stone Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2843-2850
Author(s):  
Pamela Suellen Salvador Dutra ◽  
Paulo S. F. Lichtemberg ◽  
Maria Bernat Martinez ◽  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Despite the resistance problems in Monilinia fructicola, demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs) are still effective for the disease management of brown rot in commercial stone fruit orchards in Brazil. This study aims to investigate the sensitivity of M. fructicola isolates and efficiency of DMIs to reduce brown rot. A set of 93 isolates collected from Brazilian commercial orchards were tested for their sensitivities to tebuconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, and myclobutanil. The isolates were analyzed separately according to the presence or absence of the G461S mutation in MfCYP51 gene, determined by allele-specific test. The mean EC50 values for G461S mutants and wild-type isolates were respectively 8.443 and 1.13 µg/ml for myclobutanil, 0.236 and 0.026 µg/ml for propiconazole, 0.115 and 0.002 µg/ml for prothioconazole, and 1.482 and 0.096 µg/ml for tebuconazole. The density distribution curves of DMI sensitivity for both genotypes showed that myclobutanil and prothioconazole curves were mostly shifted toward resistance and sensitivity, respectively. Incomplete cross-resistance was detected among propiconazole and tebuconazole in both wild-type (r = 0.45) and G461S (r = 0.38) populations. No cross-sensitivity was observed among wild-type isolates to prothioconazole and the others DMIs tested. Fungicide treatments on detached fruit inoculated with M. fructicola genotypes showed significant DMI efficacy differences when fruit were inoculated with wild-type and G461S isolates. Protective applications with prothioconazole were more effective for control of both G461S and wild-type isolates compared with tebuconazole. Curative applications with tebuconazole were most effective in reducing the incidence and lesion size of G461S isolates. Sporulation occurred only for G461S isolates treated with tebuconazole under curative and preventative treatments. The differences found among the performance of triazoles against M. fructicola isolates will form the basis for recommendations of rational DMI usage to control brown rot in Brazil.

scholarly journals Frequency of brown rot fungi on blossoms and fruit in stone fruit orchards in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Papavasileiou ◽  
S. Testempasis ◽  
T. J. Michailides ◽  
G. S. Karaoglanidis
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Fruit Orchards

scholarly journals Characterization of M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates from Hungary with MP-PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Sződi ◽  
H. Komjáti ◽  
Gy. Turóczi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Methods

Monilinia laxa (Monilia laxa), Monilinia fructicola (Monilia fructicola) and Monilinia fructigena (Monilia fructigena) are the causal agents of brown rot on pome and stone fruits in Hungary. Forty-five isolates collected from different hosts, different years in several orchards were used for characterization of the M. laxa and M. fructigena population in Hungary. The isolates were identified on species level based on morphological and molecular biological methods; out of these 24 were M. laxa, 20 were M. fructigena and 1 was M. fructicola. Populations of the three Monilinia species were studied with microsatellite primers and the degree of genetic diversity within the species was measured. The population structure analysis revealed that genetic diversity within M. laxa subpopulations was H<sub>S</sub>= 0.1599, while within M. fructigena subpopulations was H<sub>S</sub>= 0.2551. The total genetic diversity was H<sub>T</sub>= 0.3846, while genetic diversity between M. laxa and M. fructigena subpopulations was D<sub>ST</sub>= 0.1771. No clustering relationship was observed among isolates by the different years or hosts.

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