Biological and chemical forms in controlling oral biofilms

Although there have been many advances in the medical field regarding disease control and management, it has been demonstrated that certain diseases and infections still represent a significant challenge. For example, the presence of oral biofilms indicates the virulence of the underlying infection in different dental infections diseases, including peri-implantitis, periapical periodontitis, periodontitis, gingivitis, and dental caries. We have discussed various mechanical, chemical, and biological modalities that can be applied to control biofilms and limit plaque formation and secondary caries. Although physical brushing might be efficacious in cleaning, evidence indicates that it cannot eradicate the underlying bacteria. Accordingly, using biological and chemical materials is essential to achieve adequate disinfection and enhance the outcomes. Many modalities have been proposed in the literature, such as nanomaterials, organic compounds such as arginine, dietary substances, and the various chemical oral cleansers discussed in the current study. Bacteriophages are also promising in this context. However, they need further exploration regarding their efficacy and safety. In addition, resistance against these compounds is a serious issue and needs to be addressed in future research.

Perancangan E-Modul “ALKI” Pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia Bagi Siswa Kelas X Berbasis Mobile di SMAN 1 Mapat Tunggul

ALKI is an e-module that serves as a learning medium for grade X students majoring in MIA at SMAN 1 MAPAT TUNGGUL. E-module ALKI was created with the aim of assisting teachers in delivering materials and helping students understand more about chemical materials by repeating lessons, working on exercises, and strengthening memory by playing flashcards. The thing behind the design of alki e-module is the lack of motivation to learn students, difficulty and the absence of internet network in Mapat Tunggul area, students should not take home the package book, the smartphone owned by students is not used to study, and when doing homework with the help of the internet most students just copy the answer without understanding the origin of the answer. This research method is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D research model (four-D) that is with define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. In the Development stage, the development stage of ALKI e-module media is carried out. The media development model used in this study is MDLC(Multimedia Development Life Cycle) luther-sutopo version which consists of 6 stages, namely conception, design, material collection, manufacturing process, testing and distribution. The result of the research is a mobile-based ALKI e-module product. With 0.81 validity test results declared valid,0.93 Practicality test results are practiced very practically,and 0.80 effectiveness test results are declared very effective. So, it can be concluded that alki e-module based on mobile application as a learning medium has been valid, practical and effective.

The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate

Chemical-based coagulants and flocculants are commonly used in the coagulation–flocculation process. However, the drawbacks of using these chemical materials have triggered researchers to find natural materials to substitute or reduce the number of chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. This study examines the potential application of Nephelium lappaceum seeds as a natural coagulant–coagulant aid with Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4) in eliminating suspended solids (SS), colour, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate. Results showed that the efficiency of Nephelium lappaceum was low when used as the main coagulant in the standard jar test. When SnCl4 was applied as a single coagulant, as much as 98.4% of SS, 96.8% of colour and 82.0% of COD was eliminated at an optimal dose of 10.5 g/L and pH 7. The higher removal efficiency of colour (88.8%) was obtained when 8.40 g/L of SnCl4 was applied with a support of 3 g/L of Nephelium lappaceum. When SnCl4 was utilised as a coagulant, and Nephelium lappaceum seed was used as a flocculant, the removal of pollutants generally improved. Overall, this research showed that Nephelium lappaceum seed is a viable natural alternative for treating landfill leachate as a coagulant aid.

Implementasi Rancangan Pembelajaran Berbasis Sharing dan Jumping Task pada Konsep Hukum Kekekalan Massa

The law of conservation of mass is a fundamental law and is related to other chemical materials such as chemical reaction equations so that student's learning obstacles of the law of conservation of mass must be overcome. One of the ways to overcome student's learning obstacles of the law of conservation of mass concept is the implementation of sharing and jumping task based lesson design, which is the aim of this research. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive research method. The research subjects were students of X.1 and X.2 SMA in Bandung and chemistry teacher who collaborate with researcher as team teaching. The data on the implementation of sharing and jumping task based lesson design of the law of conservation of mass was obtained from observations, tests, and interviews. Implementation of sharing and jumping task based lesson design of the law of conservation of mass concept was carried out twice. The result of the first implementation is that the previously identified learning obstacles still appear but in a smaller percentage. After the first implementation of the lesson design, it was revised and implemented in other class. The results of the second implementation can overcome student's learning obstacle who think that the mass of solids is heavier than the mass of liquids, but a small number of students still do not take into account the mass of gases in chemical reactions and do not fully understand the meaning of the law of conservation of mass.

Efficient Commercial Classification of Agricultural Products using Convolutional Neural Networks

<p>Agricultural products, as essential commodities, are among the most sought-for items in superstores. Barcode is usually utilized to classify and regulate the price of products such as ornamental flowers in such stores. However, the use of barcodes on some fragile agricultural products such as ornamental flowers can be damaged and lessen their life length. Moreover, it is time-consuming and costly<em><strong> </strong></em>and may lead to the production of massive waste and damage to the environment and the admittance of chemical materials into food products that can affect human health. Consequently, we aimed to design a classifier robot to recognize ornamental flowers based on the related product image at different times and surrounding conditions. Besides, it can increase the speed and accuracy of distinguishing and classifying the products, lower the pricing time, and increase the lifetime due to the absence of the need for movement and changing the position of the products. According to the datasheets provided by the robot that is stored in its database, we provide the possibility of identifying and introducing the product in different colors and shapes. Also, due to the preparation of a standard and small database tailored to the needs of the robot, the robot will be trained in a short time (less than five minutes) without the need for an Internet connection or a large hard drive for storage the data. On the other hand, by dividing each input photo into ten different sections, the system can, without the need for a detection system, simultaneously in several different images, decorative flowers in different conditions, angles and environments, even with other objects such as vases, detects very fast with a high accuracy of 97%.</p>

Application of precision farming technologies for chemical protection of grain crops

The current trend of development of agricultural production brings heightened requirements to the quality and safety of products forcing the producers to change the technologies profoundly with providing balance between gross output of production and its safety, and maintaining the stability of agro-ecosystem. The main directions of implementation of this trend is application of technologies of precision farming which constitutes in pre-dosed and addressed fertilizing and application of chemical materials to protect plants. One of the directions of efficiency improvement in the sphere of plant protection is the application of GPS-navigation which monitors the quantity of applied liquid and moving aggregates used for herbicide application. While carrying out the study of efficiency of application of the parallel driving system with the use of GPS-navigation during the chemical weeding of barley seeds of the sort “Otra” in conditions of the Vologda region it was found out that application of the system of parallel driving allowed reducing the amount of sections with the repeated herbicide treatment. This leads to the lowering of quantity of applied herbicides and positively affects the grain crop yield providing the reduction of costs for dilution to treat more than 1, 2 times.

Adsorption and coagulation in wastewater treatment – Review

Wastewater issues became a complex challenge in the world. There are several methods in wastewater treatment, such as chemical, physical, biological, and the combination of each method. However, each process has advantages and disadvantages. The physicochemical methods are common methods used in wastewater treatment, such as adsorption and coagulation. Adsorption and coagulation are excellent methods to remove pollutants. The adsorption process is greatly influenced by pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time. Coagulant dose, settling time, and pH are the main factors in the coagulation process. Chemical material as an adsorbent and coagulant has been studied in previous research, but recently, to substitution chemical materials is a challenging subject. Natural substances are potential new materials in wastewater treatment and became popular due to their efficiency and environment friendly characteristics. This review investigated the role of adsorption and coagulation in wastewater treatment and the utilization of natural materials as adsorbents and coagulants.