scholarly journals The use of rootstocks for European (Prunus domestica) and for Japanese (Prunus salicina) plums (review)

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Czinege ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
Z. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Fruit Growing

The worldwide tendency to increase the intensity of fruit growing technologies prefers generally for every fruit species rootstocks with week or mediocre vigour. From this viewpoint, the use of rootstocks for plums are rather unilateral in Hungary, where 95–99% of plum plantations are grafted on mirobalan seedlings (P. cerasifera v. mirobalana). The score of plum rootstocks abroad is much more diversified. The present study summarises the respective knowledge referring to the literature available.

scholarly journals FRUIT QUALITY OF NEW INTRODUCED PLUM CULTIVARS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF BULGARIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Marieta Nesheva ◽  
◽  
Madalina Butac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Fruit Growing

Prunus domestica L. is one of the most commonly grown fruit species in Bulgaria due to its high ecological adaptation and multiple ways of fruit marketing. Fruit quality is associated with attributes such as appearance, texture, taste and colour. Breeding and new cvs. introduction are in constant search for cultivars with better fruit quality that would answer the increasing consumer requirements. In 2013 the Romanian plum cvs. ‘Pitestean’, ‘Roman’, ‘Romanta’, ‘Carpatin’ and ‘Tita’ were introduced in Bulgaria and planted in a collection orchard at the Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv. The study was conducted in the period 2016-2021. It aimed to evaluate the fruit quality when the cultivars are grown under the agro-environmental conditions of the region. For obtaining this objective, fruit weight, fruit flesh firmness, TSS (°Brix), skin colour with and without wax bloom and fruit flesh colour were measured. For evaluating consumer acceptance, a sensory analysis was performed. ‘Roman’ had the largest fruits with an average fruit weight of 46.66 g and the highest TSS content – 18.2°Brix. There were significant differences in the colour parameters L*, a*, b*, Chroma and Hue between the cultivars and the wax bloom had a significant effect on colour parameters. All fruits were appreciated by the testing panel of consumers and their taste qualities were evaluated as good and very good.

scholarly journals A review ethnopharmacology of Rosaceae fruit species

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e3409108596
Author(s):  
Letícia Barela Barbosa ◽  
Camila Palma Nunes ◽  
Joice Karina Otênio ◽  
Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch ◽  
Heris Lorenzi dos Santos Perfeito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

This study aims to carry out a bibliographic survey on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological information on Rosaceae species. The species addressed were Eriobotrya japonica (yellow-plum), Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (pear) and Rubus brasiliensis (raspberry) grown in the garden Medicinal of Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) - Campus 2. For this study, the databases were taken from national and international scientific journals without restriction of year of publication. As a result, a category of use was identified, part used, form of preparation, popular use, pharmacological and phytochemical studies for each species. Thus, it is observed that all fruit species are popularly used a medicinal, with records of ethnopharmacological, pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Medicinal plants are very widespread and used, being considered as an important therapeutic resource. However, despite the pharmacological records found, new scientific investigations are still needed to ensure the safer and more effective use of these species by the population.

Comparative Anatomical Responses of Tolerant and Susceptible European Plum Varieties to Black Knot Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid El Kayal ◽  
Zeinab Chamas ◽  
Islam El-Sharkawy ◽  
Jayasankar Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granules ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Sem Analyses

Plums are affected by a cancerous disease called “Black Knot disease” caused by the fungus Apiosporina morbosa. It affects both Japanese (Prunus salicina) and European plums (Prunus domestica) equally. In order to understand the spread of the disease, histological analysis was performed in two different European plum cultivars (susceptible and tolerant). Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of the growing hyphae in the internal tissues of the susceptible trees. By using stereoscopic analysis with a fluorescence filter, we were able to detect the hyphae in the visible lesion area. At about 2 inches from above and below the knots, no spore or hypha was visible with the light microscope. However, SEM images showed strong evidence that the fungus is capable of migrating to adjacent vessels in the susceptible plum genotype. In fact, at that distance below and above the knots, conidia were detected inside xylem vessels suggesting a systemic movement of the fungus that has not been shown so far. No symptoms were observed in the resistant genotype. Starch granules, vessel occlusions and lipid droplets were the main distinguishable characteristics between susceptible and tolerant varieties.

Polystigma rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Spinosa ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Abstract A description is provided for Polystigma rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Prunus domestica, Prunus institia (syn. Prunus domestica subsp. institia), Prunus spinosa. Records on Prunus salicina (e.g. 46, 1510; 52, 1801) have not been verified. DISEASE: Large brightly coloured spots on leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Armenia, Austria, Belgium (17, 68), Bulgaria (16, 392), Channel Islands, China, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece (52, 2856), Hungary, India (60, 6325), Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan (46, 1510), Kazakhstan (61, 1062), Kirghizia (61, 1062), unverified, Korea (52, 1801), unverified), Lebanon (49, 982), Lithuania (42, 308), Moldova (Fatina, 1989), Netherlands (Oudemans, 1897), Poland, Portugal (Sousa da Câmara, 1916), Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain (7, 407), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan (47, 576), Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan (61, 1062, unverified). TRANSMISSION: Stromata develop throughout late spring and summer on living leaves, producing conidia in summer and autumn, and ascospores from fallen overwintered leaves the following spring. Conidiomata sometimes persist in an apparently viable condition until the ascomata are mature. Transmission is by air-dispersal of ascospores.

scholarly journals The potential of different fruit species as food for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Fediuk de Castro Guedes ◽  
Lúcia Massutti de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
The South ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

Harmonia axyridis was detected for the first time in Brazil in 2002. Since then, it has been recorded from the South to the Midwest of the country. Until now, almost all the registered cases were associated with the presence of aphids, its preferred source of food. Due to the occurrence of this species in areas of fruit growing in the South and Southeast of Brazil, the aim of this study was to analyze the preference and use of three different cultivars of fruit. The tests were set at 25ºC ± 1ºC, RH 70% ± 10%, and in a photophase of 12 h and with apples (Gala and Fuji), grapes (Niágara and Rubi), and pears (Williams and Asian). In the undamaged fruit experiment, the insects did not cause any noticeable damage. In the damaged and undamaged fruit experiment, a higher and statistically significant percentage of H. axyridis adults were found in the three damaged fruits. In the different cultivar experiment the Niágara grape, the Gala apple, and the Williams pear were significantly preferred by H. axyridis adults. These results may help in the management of this insect, preventing damage, which have been observed in other places where H. axyridis was introduced.

scholarly journals Optimum Timing of Potassium Nitrate Spray Applications to `French' Prune Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Southwick ◽  
W. Olson ◽  
J. Yeager ◽  
K.G. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Spray Applications

During the fruit growing season, April through August 1990, 1991, and 1992, four sprays of 20-22 liters/tree of KNO3 were applied to `French' prune trees (Prunus domestica L. syn. `Petite d'Agen). Spray applications of KNO3 were compared to single annual soil applications of KCl (1.4-2.3 kg/tree) and sprays of urea + KNO3 with respect to leaf K and N, fruit size, drying ratio, and dry yield. Potassium nitrate sprays were as effective, or better, than soil-applied K in maintaining adequate levels of leaf K throughout the season. Treatment effects were not carried over into the next year. Lowest leaf K was found in trees where no K had been applied. Those values were below the adequate level of 1.3% K and the untreated group developed K deficiency symptoms. Consistent effects on leaf K were not obtained when urea was applied and no negative effect on leaf K was demonstrated. Equivalent dry yields per tree were obtained by foliar and soil K applications. There was no best time for KNO3 sprays. Yield per tree was not enhanced when foliar K-N sprays were applied to trees that had levels of 1.3% K or more as of 15 Apr. 1992. Trees that were below optimum K in April tended toward improved dry yields after four K-N sprays. Trees that had no applied K were lowest yielding. Drying ratios and fruit size (number of fruit per kilogram) were not different among K treatments. Dry yields per tree were increased without a decrease in fruit size or an increase in drying ratio with either soil or foliar K application. These results suggest that foliar KNO3 sprays applied four times throughout the growing season can be used to correct incipient K deficiency in `French' prune and to obtain dry yields equivalent to those obtained with soil applications of KCl.

scholarly journals Temporal changes of the frequency of spring frost damages in the main fruit growing regions in Western Hungary and in East Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
Cs. Fieszl ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Spring Frosts

Most of the risk in Hungarian fruit growing is the damage caused by late spring frosts. The frequency of late frosts seems to increase nowadays. The aim of the study was to check this contention: what is the real probability of the damages. Based on earlier experiences, the physiological LT50 function has been elaborated for new fruit varieties, which are eligible to moderate the danger when being threatened by frost. By means of this technique, the probability of freezing is distinguished between frost susceptible, frost resistant and medium frost resistant fruit species and varieties around their blooming time. The degree of frost damage depends on the duration and severity of the low temperature and not at least on the frost tolerance of the plant. For that purpose, the frequencies of frost damages were studied at two Transdanubian and two Trans-Tisza fruit growing sites by means of a meteorological database for the 60-year-long period 1951–2010. Being aware of the LT50 values changing during the phonological phases of the fruit trees from budding, bloom, fruit set and fruit growth, the number and date of critical (frosty) days could be settled. An important role is attributed to the orographic relief and the height above the sea level of the site, as 20–30 m differences and expositions may become decisive within the same plantation. The spatial distribution of damages is also dependent on the air circulations within the Carpathian basin. At the southern and northern borders of the country, especially valley bottoms represent additional risks of frost. Most spring frost damages are experienced in April 20–22, and cause heavy damages by temperature minima between – 3°C and – 6°C. The severity of damage depends largely on the temperature of the preceding few days. The earlier bloom the heavier damage is expected. The study is emphasising the importance of the varieties. Frost tolerance of some varieties may lower the risk of spring frosts by 40–50%, as experienced on the plantations. The quantifi cation of the risks based on data raised during the last years will be suitable to defi ne the security of yields of each growing site successfully.

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