Storage of Prepackaged Fresh “Green” Peanuts

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
M. W. Hoover ◽  
Norman C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Surface Moisture

Abstract Raw ‘green’ peanuts were treated with combinations of hot water and fungicides. Portions of the variously treated peanuts were surface dried in 110°F. moving air for 10 minutes prior to packaging. The visible microbial infection of the packaged peanuts was greatly reduced by treating the raw, washed product in a 120°F. water bath containing 500 ppm of either Botran or benomyl. Treating the raw peanuts by submerging them in 120°F. water for 2.5 to 5 minutes was effective in retarding microbial growth; however, this was greatly improved by the addition of Botran or Benomyl. Reducing the surface moisture of the peanuts in 110°F. moving air for 10 minutes enhanced the effectiveness of all treatments.

Commodity Heating Medium and Mexican Fruit Fly Mortality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 533e-533
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Heating Medium

The objective of this research was to investigate whether the medium used to transfer heat to a commodity influenced the mortality of Mexican fruit fly larvae. A similar 2-h heat dose was delivered to grapefruit via immersion in a variable temperature water bath or via exposure to a rapidly circulating gas. The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the grapefruit was analyzed at 30-min intervals and grapefruit center temperatures recorded every 60 s during heating. The mortality of larvae located inside grapefruit during heating in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water was significantly higher than that of larvae located inside grapefruit heated in air. The internal atmosphere of grapefruit heated in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water contained significantly higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen than grapefruit heated in air. Larval mortality was compared after larvae were heated in media by rapidly circulating air or by an atmosphere containing 4 kPa of oxygen and 18 kPa of carbon dioxide to evaluate whether the altered atmosphere or a heat-induced fruit metabolite was responsible for enhanced mortality. The significantly higher mortality of larvae heated in media in the presence of an altered atmosphere suggested that the altered atmosphere enhanced larval mortality. Results from this research suggest that reducing oxygen and or increasing the level of carbon dioxide during heating can enhance mortality of the Mexican fruit fly and potentially reduce the heat dose required for quarantine security.

Contributions to the Analysis of Rubber. I. Determination of the Water-Soluble Components of Rubber

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-583
Author(s):  
P. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Magnesium Compounds ◽  
Calcium Compounds ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract 1. It is shown that the methods which are ordinarily used for determining water-soluble substances in raw rubber give low results, and are quite useless for vulcanized rubber. 2. New analytical procedures are developed for determining the water-soluble substances in raw rubber and in vulcanized rubber. These procedures are carried out in the following manner. (a) Raw Rubber.—Heat 2 grams of rubber in 80 cc. of xylene and 5 cc. of acetic acid on a water bath until the rubber is completely dissolved, add 5 cc. of acetic acid and 10 cc. of water, heat for 3–4 hours on the water bath with frequent agitation, transfer to a distilling flask (rinsing the first flask with 50 cc. of hot water), distill the xylene with steam, filter the residual solution, evaporate the filtrate on a water bath; and dry at 100° C. (b) Vulcanized Rubber and Rubber Mixtures.—First extract the sample with acetone, heat 2 grams of the acetone-extracted sample with 80 cc. of xylene on a water bath, add 5 cc. of acetic acid, reflux the mixture on an oil bath, after complete dissolution add 5 cc. of acetic acid and 10 cc. of water, heat the solution for 2 hours on an oil bath at 110–120° C., distill the xylene, as in the determination with raw rubber, filter the residue, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, take up the residue in 50 cc. of water, pass a current of hydrogen sulfide through the solution for 10 minutes to precipitate zinc as sulfide, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dry the residue at 100° C. 3. In the presence of calcium compounds, magnesium compounds, glue and textiles, the method gives false results. Modifications of the method are therefore recommended, whereby these substances are eliminated.

scholarly journals Thermal Responses of 6- to 8-year-old Children during Immersion of Their Legs in a Hot Water Bath.

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tochihara ◽  
Tadakatsu Ohnaka ◽  
Yumiko Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath

Effects of drawing process on the structure and tensile properties of textile-grade PAN fiber and its carbon fiber

e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwayoung Lee ◽  
Lo-Woon Lee ◽  
Seung-Wook Lee ◽  
Han-Ik Joh ◽  
Seong-Mu Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Tubular Furnace ◽  
Pan Fiber ◽  
Convection Oven

AbstractCarbon fibers (CFs) were prepared using low-cost, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile fibers, which were 200% to 400% drawn in a hot water bath at 90°C or/and in a tubular furnace at 180°C. X-ray diffractograms confirmed that the drawing process led to higher crystallinity and molecular orientation. These fibers were stabilized in a convection oven at 25–255°C for 390 min. After stabilization, carbonization was performed to obtain carbon fibers. The tensile strength of CFs without drawing was ∼0.8 GPa; however, CFs with 200% and 200% drawing in a hot water bath at 90°C and in a tubular furnace at 180°C, respectively, showed a tensile strength of ∼1.7 GPa. These results suggest that the drawing process of precursor fibers affected the tensile properties of the resulting CFs significantly.

Thermoforming of wood veneer composite sheets

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayana Srinivasan ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Die Temperature ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Abstract Thermoforming of wood veneers into profiles is a novel idea and the focus of this paper is to study the formability characteristics of thin radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) veneers, which are generally used as surface coverings. Radiata pine is well suited as a raw material for furniture, joinery, and interior architectural products. This is because it has excellent turning, shaping, and laminating properties and readily achieves brilliant stain and paint finishes. In this study, radiata pine veneers were softened by immersion in a hot water bath and then thermoformed by means of heated dies/moulds. The formability characteristics were investigated by conducting single-curvature V-bending tests. The influence of the forming method on the shape conformance of softened veneers under single- and multiple-bend conditions was examined. The paper also discusses the influences of manufacturing parameters that include the softening method, the die temperature, the duration of forming, the ratio of bend radius to veneer thickness, and the veneer architecture. The study clearly establishes the feasibility of forming veneers into multi-bend products in a semi-continuous manner using matched dies.

The changing position of balneo- and hydrotherapy in medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (48) ◽  
pp. 1900-1904
Author(s):  
Béla Gömör
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
The 19Th Century

Therapy with water has been known for thousands of years. Hot water bath was always pleasant for people. During the 19th century it was applied for the treatment of several diseases and modern medicine should not miss it. Today balneotherapy may help gymnastic procedures and it is commonly used in combination with other types of physiotherapy, too. Orv. Hetil., 154(48), 1900–1904.

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