Design Study for a New Spanner

A replacement for the original F-spanner is designed using computer-aided engineering (CAE) and the Taguchi method. In the design process, the L9(34) orthogonal table was used for parameter design. Four control factors are used: outer diameter, bend radius, angle, and connected fillet. Each factor is set to three levels with numerical analysis using ANSYS software. After performing an optimization analysis for the combination parameters, the prototype is created by rapid-prototyping (RP) and is found to improve operational safety in a piping system.

The Performance of 3D Printed Polymer Tools in Sheet Metal Forming

Additively manufactured polymer tools are evaluated for use in metal forming as prototype tools and in the attempt to make sheet metal more attractive to small production volumes. Printing materials, strategies and accuracies are presented before the tools and tested in V-bending and groove pressing of 1 mm aluminum sheets. The V-bending shows that the tools change surface topography during forming until a steady state is reached at around five strokes. The geometrical accuracy obtained in V-bending is evaluated by the spring-back angle and the resulting bend radius, while bending to 90° with three different punch nose radii. The spring-back shows additional effects from the elastic deflection of the tools, and the influence from the punch nose radius is found to be influenced by the printing strategy due to the ratio between tool radius and the printed solid shell thickness enclosing the otherwise less dense bulk part of the tool. Groove pressing shows the combined effect of groove heights and angular changes due to spring-back. In all cases, the repeatability is discussed to show the potential of tool corrections for obtaining formed parts closer to nominal values.

Design of Manual Pipe Bending Mechanism

Rotary draw bending an ongoing process. It’s an at-hand service proffered within the current market. However, each draw bender features a divergent mechanism with its pros and cons, thanks to its main advantages; the rotary draw bender was selected. Pipe bending machines have progressed many enhancements and augmentations over the amount. The sort of pipe bending plays a critical role in industries, instruments, and transporting of fluids. The first concern is that the required bend angle that this pipe will bend on. The following report will include an outline of the accessibility of this machine. The crucial variables that ought to be accounted for within the pipe bending is bend radius bend angle, pipe diameter, and thickness. The concept of press bending is employed to hold out the operation; thus, the specified force is administered with the help of a hydraulic jack. Also, other important variables are accounted for, like the bending force, bending torque, simulation outcomes about the work piece analysis, and eventually the machine design. Moreover, a prototype that satisfies the specified constraints is manufactured and assembled. Being a manual bending machine means no use of electricity is required, leading to no power consumption. Additionally, this machine is favorable, feasible, affordable, low maintenance, and higher accuracy.

Ultralow Loss Adiabatic Microring Resonator With Thermal Tuning

We report a micro-ring resonator with adiabatic bends, non contact waveguide heaters and small bend radius. The ring has the lowest reported off resonance loss and can support 8 wavelength division multiplexed channels at 200 GHz spacing. We measure 0.49 nm/mW tuning efficiency and 0.085 dB off resonance loss.

Research of restrained bending of aircraft parts with curved sides

In the article the authors present a method of restrained elastomer bending of aircraft sheet parts with curved sides. Manufacturing of a part is carried out in two transitions; as a result of the first transition a part with thinning in the radial part is obtained, the second transition is carried out on the mold block of reduced height, as a result of which the resulting wave of excess material deforms along the radius of the bending mandrel. In the finished part, we can observe an increase in the thickness of the workpiece in the zone of the bend radius. Numerical studies of the process were conducted using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software complex. As part of the study, the process flow model was worked out, the distribution of thickness of the material of the part over the entire surface under consideration was obtained, and graphs were plotted showing the elastomer pressure distributions and the deformation of the material of the part at characteristic points.

Influence of the bend radius for PANDA PM Specialty optical fibers reliability

The research considers the possibility of applying the forced «aging» method used for single-mode cable optical fibers in accordance with IEC 60793-2-50 to confirm the reliability of the PANDA PM Specialty optical fiber under long-term bending. A comparison of the results of PANDA PM Specialty optical fiber with isotropic optical fibers, which differ in the diameters of the quartz cladding and polymer coating, is carried out. An analytical estimate of the lifetime is carried out.

Repair and Reinforcement of Blunt Defects on Pipeline Bends Using Composite Materials

Previous research on the use of composite repair systems has focused on the repair of damage to straight sections. This paper reports verification testing completed on composite repairs for pipeline bends to support development of a safe and consistent approach that ensures an equal level of performance is maintained over the entire system. A series of finite element analyses were completed that considered the effects of bend size (diameter and wall thickness), material grade, bend radius and angle. From this work 90° , 1.5D, 12” NB, X52 bends were selected for test. The objective was to demonstrate restoration of the fatigue life of the pipe to acceptable levels rather than just considering burst pressure. Defects equal to 0.5 times the diameter axially and 0.25 times the diameter radially were machined into the intrados of the bend (the location of highest hoop stress). Wall losses of 20% and 80% were replicated. Bounding repair thicknesses were tested to confirm performance was predictable. Aggressive cyclic pressure ranges of 125Nmm−2 and 90mm−2 were applied to the repaired defects, with the lower stress range loaded for a larger number of cycles. A successful test was defined as one which exceeded the target number of cycles by a factor of 10 AND for which there was no visual sign of repair degradation. The number of load cycles was selected to ensure the repaired lines satisfied the slope of the S-N curve for pristine pipe, confirming the approach maintained the required margin of safety applicable to the rest of the system. A design method is proposed that addresses weaknesses in the methods given in ISO 24817 and ASME PCC-2 Article 401. It is proposed that this be adopted by the standards for repairs to high pressure gas transmission pipelines to ensure equality of performance with undamaged sections.

A Parametric Analysis of Endovascular Stent Geometry Manipulation On Radial Force Performance

Stents were manufactured to investigate the impact of altering stent design characteristics (leg length, bend angle, bend radius, wire diameter) on radial force generation. Results from this design parameter study showed that leg length, bend angle and wire diameter have a statistically significant impact on radial force generation, while lesser changes in bend radius did not (1.00mm vs. the original 0.794mm [1/32in]). However a larger variation of this parameter (1.588mm [1/16in]) was statistically significant. Results gathered for all parameters were used in the creation of a prototypal software. Using input values of patient specific arterial diameter and compliance, as well as stent design characteristic dimensions, this program has been developed to predict stent radial force at varying levels of expansion.