Pedigreed Natural Crossing to Identify Peanut Testa Genotypes1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray O. Hammons ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing to produce marker-identified hybrids for specific uses has been exploited in USDA-ARS/Georgia cooperative peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm enhancement projects since the discovery in 1959 of suitable genetic markers. The principal advantages of natural hybridization using dominant alternative alleles to identify the outcrosses are that (1) the production of F1 hybrid plants is not dependent upon conventional manual emasculation, (2) the identification and harvest of plants exhibiting the markers can be performed by semiskilled workers, and (3) the procedure is more economical than the standard crossing method. We utilized pedigreed natural crosses to screen an extensive sample of white-testa peanut phenotypes from the world gene pool for the five-loci recessive genotype, r1 r1 f1 f1 f2 f2 d1 d1 d2 d2. Four accessions, ‘Spanwhite”, P. I. 299468, P. I. 408730, and P. I. 306228, were found to be recessive at all five of the loci which condition testa color. F2 populations from marker-identified natural crosses of each of these lines to a tester genotype which was homozygously dominant at four of the testa-color loci fit the ratio of 225 tan:31 white expected from the cross of these genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic Studies Involving Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract A better understanding of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa color genetics would be helpful to breeders in developing new cultivars to meet U.S. market acceptability. Wine is one of the least understood of all basic testa colors in peanut. The objective of this genetic study was to gain further knowledge on the inheritance of wine testa color and possible allelic interactions. Crosses were made using two true-breeding wine testa color genotypes (Wine-Frr and PI 264549) as females with the tan testa and recessive red testa male parents Krinkle-Leaf and Makulu Red, respectively. F1, F2, and F3 data suggest no difference between the two wine testa color genotypes. Inheritance of wine testa color was found to be recessive with a one gene difference between wine and the tan testa color of Krinkle-Leaf, and with two gene differences between wine and the recessive red testa color of Makulu Red. Inheritance of wine seems to closely parallel that for recessive red testa color in the cultivated peanut.

Genetic Relationship between Purple and Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
Color Gene

Abstract A better understanding of the genetic relationship among different testa colors is needed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs. Numerous genes are involved in this important U.S. market quality trait. However, the relationship among some of these genes is not yet known. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction among the three genes (P, w1, and w2) controlling purple and wine testa color. No maternal or cytoplasmic differences were found among three reciprocal purple x wine testcrosses. The F1, F2, and F3 segregation results suggest that purple testa color of PI 331334 differs from that of wine testa color parental lines (PI 264549, Wine-Frr 1 and Wine-Frr 2) by only two genes. These findings illustrate that the dominant purple testa color gene (P) is independent from at least one of the two recessive wine genes (w1 w1 or w2w2).

scholarly journals Chromosome pairing in F1 hybrid Arachis hypogaea L. X A. monticola Krap. et Rig.

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Kirti ◽  
U. R. Murty ◽  
M. Bharathi ◽  
N. G. P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Natural Hybridization of Peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., in Virginia1

Crop Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Culp ◽  
W. K. Bailey ◽  
R. O. Hammons
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Relationship of Seed Mass to Oil and Protein Contents in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Dwivedi ◽  
R. Jambunathan ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
K. Raghunath ◽  
K. Ravi Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Seed mass, oil and protein contents are important quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sixty-four genotypes were grown for four seasons to study genetic variation and character association between these three traits. Graded seed samples of 33 genotypes were further studied for possible variation within genotype among grades for oil and protein contents. No significant association of seed mass with percent oil or protein contents was observed among the 64 genotypes. However, oil and protein contents were significantly negatively associated. Oil content variation within a genotype showed a significant linear increase as the seed mass increased in the graded samples, but no such relationship was observed with protein content. Genotypes with desirable traits for confectionery and/or oil types were identified and may be used for germplasm enhancement.

A Note on Testcrosses Between Tan or Pink Testa Color and Recessive Red Peanut Genotypes1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
C. C. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Phenotypically distinguishing between tan and pink peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa color can be difficult. Genetic separation was attempted by testcrosses with homozygously recessive red testa genotypes (r2r2, r3r3). The recessive red testa color was found to differ from all of the following pink and tan cultivars: Sunbelt Runner, Southern Runner, Starr, Toalson, and the tan colored Krinkle-leaf genotype (F1F2D1D2r1) by only one of the two recessive red loci. Even though these results show that testcrossing to recessive red genotypes is not a viable approach for discerning tan versus pink testa color, it does suggest that several peanut cultivars already carry one recessive red gene.

Inheritance of White-Spot Testa Color Trait in Peanut1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract The white-spot testa color trait has occasionally been found among segregating cross populations in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crosses involving one such true-breeding white-spot selection were made both between and within subspecies of the cultigen to determine the inheritance of this unusual trait. The F1, F2, and F3 data indicated that two duplicate recessive genes, designated wsp1 and wsp2, control the white-spot trait in peanut.

scholarly journals Genic Relationship Between R1, R2, and R3 for Red Peanut Testa Color1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
C. C. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Characteristic ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
R1 Gene ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Testa color in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important genetic characteristic. Presently, three genes (R1, R2, and R3) are known to be involved in the expression of red testa color. Reciprocal crosses between the dominant (R1 R1) Tennessee Red and recessive (r2 r2) Makulu Red cultivars and test crosses between Makulu Red and two recessive red genotypes (r3 r3) were made to determine the interaction among these three loci. The F1, F2, and F3 results suggest that the red testa color of Tennessee Red differs from that of Makulu Red by two loci and that Makulu Red does not differ from the other recessive red genotypes. Also, the R1 gene appears to be inherited independently from at least one of the recessive alleles controlling red peanut testa color.

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