scholarly journals Relationship of Seed Mass to Oil and Protein Contents in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Dwivedi ◽  
R. Jambunathan ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
K. Raghunath ◽  
K. Ravi Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Seed mass, oil and protein contents are important quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sixty-four genotypes were grown for four seasons to study genetic variation and character association between these three traits. Graded seed samples of 33 genotypes were further studied for possible variation within genotype among grades for oil and protein contents. No significant association of seed mass with percent oil or protein contents was observed among the 64 genotypes. However, oil and protein contents were significantly negatively associated. Oil content variation within a genotype showed a significant linear increase as the seed mass increased in the graded samples, but no such relationship was observed with protein content. Genotypes with desirable traits for confectionery and/or oil types were identified and may be used for germplasm enhancement.

Relationship of Rotterdam Peanut Prices to U. S. Peanut Production1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
D. H. Carley ◽  
S. M. Fletcher ◽  
P. Zhang ◽  
H. Witt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Community ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Threshold ◽  
Reference Prices ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract In the 1980s exports of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) from the United States ranged from 228,000 mt to 473,000 mt making up nearly 20% of the total U.S. production. The European Community was the largest importer of U. S. peanuts with Argentina and China the major U. S. competitors for peanut imports. Edible peanut prices quoted in Rotterdam are recognized as world reference prices in the peanut trade. From 1978 to 1990 monthly prices of U. S. 40/50 shelled peanuts in Rotterdam ranged from $600/mt to $2,100/mt. A change of $100/mt in the Rotterdam price results in an estimated change in the value of U. S. farmers' stock peanuts of $66/mt. Rotterdam prices are sensitive to monthly estimates of peanut production in the southeastern U. S. There is a critical southeast production threshold of about 1.0 mil mt, below which Rotterdam prices increase $125/mt for a decrease of 50,000 mt in production. Above the level of production, the price changed $51/mt for each 50,000 mt change in production. The Rotterdam price is an important barometer for domestic prices for additional peanuts produced by U. S. peanut farmers.

Genetic diversity, association and principle component analyses for agronomical and quality traits in genomic selection training population of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Viswanatha ◽  
Rajendragouda Patil ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
Hasan Khan ◽  
S. Gururaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the world’s third important source of oil. A Genomic Selection Training Population (GSTP) comprising 340 genotypes was evaluated over four locations for two seasons to study genetic variability and association among agronomical and quality traits. GSTP exhibited significant variation among the genotypes, seasons and G x E interaction. Moderate to high magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability was observed for most quality traits. The first 7 components of PCA analysis contributed more than 75% cumulative variability. The training population grouped into three clusters in both the seasons. The number of pods/plant, pod and seed yield/plant were significantly and positively associated with each other, while test weight had negative association with number of pods/plant and had positive association with pod and seed yield during rainy season of 2015. The significant positive correlation was also observed between oil, linoleic acid and stearic acid; similarly, linoleic acid had positive association with stearic acid and palmitic acid. Significant negative correlation was observed between oil and protein content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content. The superior genotypes, namely, ICG 5221, ICGV 01393, ICGV 07220, ICGV 97120, ICGV 06420, ICG 9507, ICGV 06188 and ICGV 00440 were best performer for yield, yield components and nutritional quality traits while ICG 2381 and ICG 5221 recorded a better performance for oil content. The rainy season was found to have an advantage for vegetative, physiological growth, oil content, oleic and oleic to linoleic ratio while the post-rainy season led to forced pod filling and reduced maturity.

Pedigreed Natural Crossing to Identify Peanut Testa Genotypes1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray O. Hammons ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing to produce marker-identified hybrids for specific uses has been exploited in USDA-ARS/Georgia cooperative peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm enhancement projects since the discovery in 1959 of suitable genetic markers. The principal advantages of natural hybridization using dominant alternative alleles to identify the outcrosses are that (1) the production of F1 hybrid plants is not dependent upon conventional manual emasculation, (2) the identification and harvest of plants exhibiting the markers can be performed by semiskilled workers, and (3) the procedure is more economical than the standard crossing method. We utilized pedigreed natural crosses to screen an extensive sample of white-testa peanut phenotypes from the world gene pool for the five-loci recessive genotype, r1 r1 f1 f1 f2 f2 d1 d1 d2 d2. Four accessions, ‘Spanwhite”, P. I. 299468, P. I. 408730, and P. I. 306228, were found to be recessive at all five of the loci which condition testa color. F2 populations from marker-identified natural crosses of each of these lines to a tester genotype which was homozygously dominant at four of the testa-color loci fit the ratio of 225 tan:31 white expected from the cross of these genotypes.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy A. Zahran ◽  
Hesham Z. Tawfeuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Oil Characteristics ◽  
First Time

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the major oilseed crops of the world and are an important source of protein in many countries. In this study, some nutrients and characteristics of the seeds’ oil extracted from four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties: Line 27r (Israel), Line 9 (Malawi), Line 4 (Brazil) and Line 18 (Israel) cultivated, for first time, in Upper Egypt were subjected to the comparative assessment with control NC variety (USA). Peanut seeds are a rich source of oil content (50.45 to 52.12 g 100 g−1 dry weight “DW”). The physicochemical properties of extracted oil were investigated in this study. The obtained data showed that the ratios of saturated fatty acids ranged from 14.24 to 17.23%, and the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 82.77 to 85.76%. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) of oil content, saponification value, oleic/linoleic (O/L), and oil characteristics were found. Line 9 was found to be high in oil content, while Line 27r was said to have a high O/L ratio (3.22%) and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (85.76%).

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis analyses for oil and healthy fatty acid composition in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rayhan Sikder ◽  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Sariful Haque Bhuiya ◽  
Khondakar Sumsul Arefin ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Hassan Sohag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Development of a variety having high oil content and desirable fatty acid compositions is a major objective of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programmes. To study the gene action (through combining ability) and heterosis for oil and fatty acids, an experiment was conducted using a 4 × 4 full diallel method. Four parents and their 12 F1 hybrids were evaluated following a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for oil, fatty acids and oleic-linolenic (O/L) acid ratio. Highly significant genotypic variation was found among the parents and their F1 hybrids for the studied traits. The combining ability studies (general, specific and reciprocal) reflected that the oil and fatty acid traits were controlled by both non-additive and additive genes having significant maternal effects. Results also revealed that the parent China Badam was the best general combiner for oil, linolenic acid and O/L ratio whereas the parent Binachinabadam-4 for oleic and linoleic acids. Best SCA performance was found from the cross Dacca-1 × China Badam and Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam for oil, oleic- and linolenic-acid contents. Significant heterosis for oil content was observed in F1 hybrids obtained from the cross Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam and its reciprocal cross. The cross China Badam × GC (24)-1-1-1 showed a higher O/L ratio (>4) along with lower level of saturated fatty acids. Therefore, these crosses could be exploited in future breeding programmes to develop new lines for higher oil and healthy fatty acid compositions.

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