Genetic Relationship between Purple and Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
Color Gene

Abstract A better understanding of the genetic relationship among different testa colors is needed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs. Numerous genes are involved in this important U.S. market quality trait. However, the relationship among some of these genes is not yet known. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction among the three genes (P, w1, and w2) controlling purple and wine testa color. No maternal or cytoplasmic differences were found among three reciprocal purple x wine testcrosses. The F1, F2, and F3 segregation results suggest that purple testa color of PI 331334 differs from that of wine testa color parental lines (PI 264549, Wine-Frr 1 and Wine-Frr 2) by only two genes. These findings illustrate that the dominant purple testa color gene (P) is independent from at least one of the two recessive wine genes (w1 w1 or w2w2).

scholarly journals Genetic Studies Involving Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract A better understanding of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa color genetics would be helpful to breeders in developing new cultivars to meet U.S. market acceptability. Wine is one of the least understood of all basic testa colors in peanut. The objective of this genetic study was to gain further knowledge on the inheritance of wine testa color and possible allelic interactions. Crosses were made using two true-breeding wine testa color genotypes (Wine-Frr and PI 264549) as females with the tan testa and recessive red testa male parents Krinkle-Leaf and Makulu Red, respectively. F1, F2, and F3 data suggest no difference between the two wine testa color genotypes. Inheritance of wine testa color was found to be recessive with a one gene difference between wine and the tan testa color of Krinkle-Leaf, and with two gene differences between wine and the recessive red testa color of Makulu Red. Inheritance of wine seems to closely parallel that for recessive red testa color in the cultivated peanut.

scholarly journals Morphological diversities and associated preference traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) landraces from central and southern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061
Author(s):  
David Montcho ◽  
Pascal Gbénou ◽  
Antoine Abel Missihoun ◽  
Fiacre Assogba ◽  
Djidjoho A.T. Hodehou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Trait Preferences

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in Benin is limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses. The objectives of this study were to document varietal trait preferences and peanut genetic diversity for breeding programs. A survey in the South and Center of Benin and an agro-morphological characterization was carried out. Results showed that farmers used five criteria, namely yield (seeds and pods), size of seeds, number of seeds per pod, oil content, and quality of the paste for selecting a variety. The clustering based on ten qualitative traits showed a variability structure in three groups based on the leaflets shape, plant habit, and branching pattern. The principal component analysis carried out on the quantitative traits indicated six groups of accessions. The group 3 of the latest analysis is composed of Azii alorga and Kamalo with interesting characteristics and showing a good criteria as seeds size (SDL= 14.62 ± 0.48 mm), and pods size (average pod length and width respectively PoL = 33.70 ± 1.14 mm, Pow = 14.87 ± 0.29 mm). The results should be prioritized for breeding programs to improve the good criteria found in other peanut varieties. It will be helpful for farmers in selecting performant varieties.

Pedigreed Natural Crossing to Identify Peanut Testa Genotypes1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray O. Hammons ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing to produce marker-identified hybrids for specific uses has been exploited in USDA-ARS/Georgia cooperative peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm enhancement projects since the discovery in 1959 of suitable genetic markers. The principal advantages of natural hybridization using dominant alternative alleles to identify the outcrosses are that (1) the production of F1 hybrid plants is not dependent upon conventional manual emasculation, (2) the identification and harvest of plants exhibiting the markers can be performed by semiskilled workers, and (3) the procedure is more economical than the standard crossing method. We utilized pedigreed natural crosses to screen an extensive sample of white-testa peanut phenotypes from the world gene pool for the five-loci recessive genotype, r1 r1 f1 f1 f2 f2 d1 d1 d2 d2. Four accessions, ‘Spanwhite”, P. I. 299468, P. I. 408730, and P. I. 306228, were found to be recessive at all five of the loci which condition testa color. F2 populations from marker-identified natural crosses of each of these lines to a tester genotype which was homozygously dominant at four of the testa-color loci fit the ratio of 225 tan:31 white expected from the cross of these genotypes.

Combining Ability Estimates in Arachis Hypogaea L. III. F2 Generation of Intra- and Intersubspecific Crosses1

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
J. O. Rawlings ◽  
D. A. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Abstract A hybridization program was initiated to investigate the breeding potential of crosses among diverse peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines. Fifteen crosses in F2 generation generated by crossing six peanut lines representing Valencia, Virginia, and Spanish botanical varieties in diallel without reciprocals were used to estimate combining ability in drilled and space-planted tests. Estimates of both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were significant for percent extra large kernels, percent sound mature kernels, kernels/kg, pod length, and yield measured in the drilled test. The GCA estimates were also significant for all characters measured in the space-planted test, while estimates of SCA were significant for five of the six characters. Estimates of GCA were of greater magnitude than SCA estimates for all characters except one. A Spanish line, C2, had the highest GCA effects for yield and sound mature kernels in both drilled and space-planted tests. Although most F2 cross means, especially for the intersubspecific crosses, were less than the midparent value, the presence of transgressive segregants indicated an opportunity for breeding improvement. The depression of F2 means probably resulted from recombination of genes responsible for adaptation of the parental lines. Comparison of results from the space-planted and drilled tests indicates that data from space-planted tests can provide useful information on the performance of crosses in early generation.

Effects of Intrarow Spacing on Yield and Market Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Norden ◽  
N. F. Beninati
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Production Practices

Abstract Pod yields and grading data were analyzed for six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes grown in 91 cm rows while using three intrarow distances; 10.2 cm, 15.2 cm and 30.5 cm. Yields were analyzed for a 6-year period from 1975 to 1980 and grading data were analyzed for a 7-year period from 1974 to 1980. Three genotypes (Dixie Runner, UF714021 and UF439-16-6-3) showed no significant yield differences (all differences reported at the 5% level) among spacings. Florunner and Florigiant produced the same yields at 10.2 cm spacings as they did at 15.2 cm. Both cultivars showed a significant yield reduction at the 30.5 cm spacing. Early Bunch yields were significantly higher at 15.2 cm than at 30.5 cm, while the yield at 10.2 cm was intermediate, but was not significantly different from either 15.2 or 30.5 cm. Grading data included percentages of extra large kernels (ELK), total sound mature kernels, and Virginia pods. The percentage of ELK for Florigiant at 15.2 cm was significantly greater than the 30.5 cm spacing. Changes in intrarow spacings of the six gentoypes in this study produced no significant differences in any grading data with that exception. All the currently grown cultivars in these tests had yields with plant spacings at 15.2 cm that were not significantly different from yields at 10.2 cm. With good quality seeds and good production practices a considerable savings could be made with little or no yield reduction by planting at spacings near 15 cm.

scholarly journals Growth Regulator Effects on the Market Quality of Five Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Mozingo ◽  
J. L. Steele
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Grade Yield

Abstract The growth regulator succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) was applied to the foliage of five virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in 1980, 1981, and 1982 in Martin County, North Carolina, and Suffolk, Virginia. Treated and untreated peanuts at each location were harvested on two dates each year. Market grade, yield, and value/ha evaluations were made on the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, NC 7, VA 81B, and NC 8C. Yield and value/ha within each cultivar were statistically different across years and locations. The growth regulator significantly reduced the percentage of fancy pods for all cultivars except VA 81B while significantly increasing the percentage of extra large kernels for all cultivars except NC 8C. The percentage of total kernels was not affected with Florigiant or NC 7, but significant reductions were observed with growth regulator application to NC 6, VA 81B, and NC 8C. The yield and value/ha of Florigiant and NC 6 increased significantly with growth regulator applications. Yield/ha of NC 7 increased with growth regulator application but was not statistically different; however, the NC 7 value/ha increased significantly. Growth regulator applications on NC 8C and VA 81B affected neither yield nor value/ha. Thus, applications of the growth regulator SADH can be a beneficial peanut production practice for some cultivars; however, the response within cultivars was inconsistent across years and locations.

A Note on Testcrosses Between Tan or Pink Testa Color and Recessive Red Peanut Genotypes1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
C. C. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Phenotypically distinguishing between tan and pink peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa color can be difficult. Genetic separation was attempted by testcrosses with homozygously recessive red testa genotypes (r2r2, r3r3). The recessive red testa color was found to differ from all of the following pink and tan cultivars: Sunbelt Runner, Southern Runner, Starr, Toalson, and the tan colored Krinkle-leaf genotype (F1F2D1D2r1) by only one of the two recessive red loci. Even though these results show that testcrossing to recessive red genotypes is not a viable approach for discerning tan versus pink testa color, it does suggest that several peanut cultivars already carry one recessive red gene.

Evaluation of Detached Leaf Culture for Screening Peanuts for Leafspot Resistance1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Foster ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
M. K. Beute
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract A detached leaf culturing technique has been proposed as a rapid and simple method for screening peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for leafspot resistance. This study was conducted to (a) determine the effect of both leaf age and outdoor plant weathering on infection with Cercospora arachidicola Hori as measured by the detached leaf technique, (b) evaluate the resistance to early leafspot of several peanut genotypes in the field and in the greenhouse using the detached leaf technique, and (c) determine the relationship between leafspot resistance measured in the field and the greenhouse. The age of the leaf had a significant effect on leafspot resistance when evaluated using the detached leaf technique. Younger leaves averaged 11.4 lesions per leaflet compared to 5.6 lesions per leaflet for older leaves. The number of lesions per leaflet was similar for weathered and greenhouse-grown plants. PI 270806, PI 109839, Kanyoma, and PI 259679, four Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) types, were the most resistant genotypes evaluated in these tests. The number of lesions per leaflet caused by early leaf-spot for the 16 genotypes measured by the detached leaf technique was significantly correlated (r = 0.85) with the same trait measured in the field. PI 109839 had the fewest number of lesions per leaflet in both greenhouse and field tests.

Pesticide Interactions with Peanut Cultivars1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Harvey ◽  
W. L. Currey ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Interactions among six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, herbicides individually and in sequence, and a systemic insecticide were studied on four soil series in 1976 and on three soil series in 1977. Yields of peanuts grown on all soils were reduced significantly in 1976 by intensive sequential applications of the five herbicidal treatments. Additionally, repeated dinoseb treatment reduced yields on the Ruston and Greenville soils. In 1977, yield decreases did not occur from any herbicide treatment on the Do-than or Greenville soils; however, yields on the Tifton soil were reduced by intensive sequential herbicidal treatment or by 2,4-DB alone. Herbicides did not interact significantly with cultivars except on Greenville soil in 1977 when yields of only the Tifrun cultivar were increased by treatment with either benefin or dinoseb. The systemic insecticide disulfoton, with one exception, consistently increased the yield of peanuts when averaged over cultivars and herbicides. Also, in 1977, on the Greenville soil, Titrun yields were increased significantly by disulfoton but disulfoton effects on other cultivars were not statistically significant. Market quality tests indicated that the percentage of sound mature kernels (SMK) was frequently reduced by intensive herbicidal applications.

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