scholarly journals Field Trials of a Vaccine with Water-soluble Adjuvant for Bacterial Coldwater Disease in Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nagai ◽  
Yoshisuke Iida ◽  
Takashi Yoneji
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

scholarly journals Efficacy of oral vaccine against bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kondo ◽  
K Kawai ◽  
M Okabe ◽  
N Nakano ◽  
S Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

scholarly journals Pathogenic profile of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative bacterium of bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (sup2) ◽  
pp. 1251-1252
Author(s):  
MOTOKI KONDO ◽  
KENJI KAWAI ◽  
KENROU KUROHIARA ◽  
SHUN-ICHIROU OSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease ◽  
Causative Bacterium

scholarly journals The Resistance of Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Recovered from Bacterial Coldwater Disease against Reinfection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kintsuji ◽  
Michitaka Yamamoto ◽  
Koji Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

scholarly journals Impacts of Feeding Three Commercial Trout Starter Diets to Rainbow Trout on Bacterial Coldwater Disease-Induced Mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael Barnes ◽  
◽  
Cody E. Treft ◽  
Jill M. Voorhees ◽  
Tabor J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

EXCHANGEABLE AND WATER-SOLUBLE POTASSIUM IN SOILS AND DEGREE OF SATURATION IN RELATION TO TOMATO YIELDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
H. B. Heeney
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Prince Edward County

In 33 field trials on soils varying in texture from sandy loam to clay loam in Prince Edward County, Ontario, exchangeable potassium, per cent potassium saturation, and water-soluble potassium were significantly correlated with yield response of tomatoes to potassium fertilizer on the sandy loam soils, but there was no correlation within the loam and clay loam groups. The mean c1 value in the modified Mitscherlich equation relating exchangeable potassium to yield response within the sandy loam group was 0.00555 and the coefficient of variation was 19.8 per cent. The corresponding coefficients for c1 values based on per cent potassium saturation and water-soluble potassium were of greater magnitude. The amounts of potassium soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 were not related to yield response.Exchangeable potassium and the non-exchangeable form soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 increased, whereas water-soluble potassium decreased with increasing clay content of the samples. Water-soluble potassium was significantly correlated with per cent potassium saturation within the sandy loam and loam groups.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from Ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Hesami ◽  
Katie J. Allen ◽  
Devon Metcalf ◽  
Vaughn E. Ostland ◽  
Janet I. MacInnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. BCWD has a considerable economic impact on aquaculture operations in Ontario, Canada, and our limited understanding of the population structure and epidemiology of F. psychrophilum isolates is an impediment to the development of improved management strategies. Seventy-five 16S rRNA gene and gyr polymerase chain reaction positive isolates of F. psychrophilum that had been collected over a 16-year period from farmed salmonids with tail rot, necrotic myositis, and osteochondrosis were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and genotypically. Although the isolates were homogeneous by preliminary biochemical and phenotypic characterization, two distinct biovars were found by API ZYM testing. As well, four restriction pattern types were detected by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and there was a significant (P < 0.001) correlation between biovar I and digestion with MaeIII and between biovar II and digestion with MnlI or no site (P < 0.05). Further heterogenity was detected by sequence analysis of a 194 bp stem loop 3 region of rRNA. Nine sequence types were identified; 40/46 biovar I isolates were sequence type “a”, while 21/32 biovar II isolates belonged to either sequence type “c” or “d”. More than one biovar and genotype was identified among the strains recovered from separate fish sampled from three groups of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) experiencing BCWD mortality events. No association was found between genotype or biovar and type of disease. Taken together, these data suggest that F. psychrophilum from Ontario can be grouped into two major lineages based on biovar and 16S rRNA polymorphisms, and although three major strain types were most frequently isolated in this study, it appears that the population of F. psychrophilum with pathogenic potential is quite heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Analysis ofFlavobacterium psychrophilumMultilocus Sequence Typing Genotypes Recovered from North American Salmonids Indicates that both Newly Identified and Recurrent Clonal Complexes Are Associated with Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Knupp ◽  
Gregory D. Wiens ◽  
Mohamed Faisal ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Kenneth D. Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), causes significant economic losses in salmonid aquaculture, particularly in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Prior studies have used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine genetic heterogeneity withinF. psychrophilum. At present, however, its population structure in North America is incompletely understood, as only 107 isolates have been genotyped. Herein, MLST was used to investigate the genetic diversity of an additional 314 North AmericanF. psychrophilumisolates that were recovered from ten fish host species from 20 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province over nearly four decades. These isolates were placed into 66 sequence types (STs), 47 of which were novel, increasing the number of clonal complexes (CCs) in North America from 7 to 12. Newly identified CCs were diverse in terms of host association, distribution, and association with disease. The largestF. psychrophilumCC identified was CC-ST10, within which 10 novel genotypes were discovered, most of which came fromO. mykissexperiencing BCWD. This discovery, among others, provides evidence for the hypothesis that ST10 (i.e., the founding ST of CC-ST10) originated in North America. Furthermore, ST275 (in CC-ST10) was recovered from wild/feral adult steelhead and marks the first recovery of CC-ST10 from wild/feral fish in North America. Analyses also revealed that at the allele level, the diversification ofF. psychrophilumin North America is driven three times more frequently by recombination than random nucleic acid mutation, possibly indicating how new phenotypes emerge within this species.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium psychrophilumis the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), both of which cause substantial losses in farmed fish populations worldwide. To better prevent and control BCWD and RTFS outbreaks, we sought to characterize the genetic diversity of several hundredF. psychrophilumisolates that were recovered from diseased fish across North America. Results highlighted multipleF. psychrophilumgenetic strains that appear to play an important role in disease events in North American aquaculture facilities and suggest that the practice of trading fish eggs has led to the continental and transcontinental spread of this bacterium. The knowledge generated herein will be invaluable toward guiding the development of future disease prevention techniques.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for Plant Disease Management

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Worrall ◽  
Aflaq Hamid ◽  
Karishma Mody ◽  
Neena Mitter ◽  
Hanu Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Commercial Applications

Each year, 20%–40% of crops are lost due to plant pests and pathogens. Existing plant disease management relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology can offer advantages to pesticides, like reducing toxicity, improving the shelf-life, and increasing the solubility of poorly water-soluble pesticides, all of which could have positive environmental impacts. This review explores the two directions in which nanoparticles can be utilized for plant disease management: either as nanoparticles alone, acting as protectants; or as nanocarriers for insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and RNA-interference molecules. Despite the several potential advantages associated with the use of nanoparticles, not many nanoparticle-based products have been commercialized for agricultural application. The scarcity of commercial applications could be explained by several factors, such as an insufficient number of field trials and underutilization of pest–crop host systems. In other industries, nanotechnology has progressed rapidly, and the only way to keep up with this advancement for agricultural applications is by understanding the fundamental questions of the research and addressing the scientific gaps to provide a rational and facilitate the development of commercial nanoproducts.

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