Efficacy of Febantel Against Gill Monogeneans of Amberjacks I: Laboratory Assessment for Effective Dose and Administration Period

Summary:The aim of this study was to estimate both the frequency and effective dose of nuclear medicine procedures performed in Germany between 1996 and 2000 for different subgroups of patients. Methods: Electronically archived data from 14 hospitals and 10 private practices were restored and statistically analyzed. The effective dose per examination was calculated according to ICRP publication 80 using the tissue weighting factors given in ICRP publication 60. Based on the data collected, statistical parameters were computed to characterize the frequency and effective dose of the various nuclear medicine procedures. Results: In total, 604,771 nuclear medicine procedures performed in 433,709 patients were analyzed. On average, 1.4 examinations were carried out per patient and year. The median effective dose was 1.7 [5.-95. percentile; mean: 0.4–8.5; 2.9] mSv per examination and 2.3 [0.5–11.2; 3.5] mSv per patient. Interestingly, the mean effective dose per examination, but not the number of examinations per year increased with the age of the patients. Most frequent were examinations of the thyroid (36.7%), the skeleton (27.1%) and the cardiovascular system (11.1%), which were associated with a median effective dose of 0.5 [0.5–1.1; 0.7] mSv, 3.4 [2.9–5.1; 3.6] mSv and 7.3 [3.2–21.0; 9.5] mSv, respectively. Over the five-year period examined, the total annual number of PET procedures (222.3%) as well as of examinations of thyroid (24.5%), skeleton (17.9%), and the cardiovascular system (14.9%) increased markedly, whereas a decrease was observed for brain (-39.3%), lung (-20.2%) and renal (-15.0%) scans. Conclusion: The age- and gender-specific data presented in this study provide detailed public health information on both the current status and recent trends in the practice of diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.

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Sentinel lymph node diagnostic in prostate carcinoma: Part II: Biokinetics and dosimetry of 99mTc-Nanocolloid after intraprostatic injection

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625599 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Kopp ◽

H. Vogt ◽

F. Wawroschek ◽

S. Gröber ◽

R. Dorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Tracer Uptake ◽

Lymphatic Transport ◽

Radionuclide Distribution ◽

Radioactivity Uptake

Summary Aim: To visualise the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of the prostate we injected the radiotracer into the parenchyma of the prostate. The activity was deposited in liver, spleen, bone marrow, urinary bladder and regional lymphatic system. The aim of this work is to determine biokinetical data and to estimate radiation doses to the patient. Methods: The patients with prostate cancer received a sonographically controlled, transrectal administration of 99mTc-Nanocoll®, injected directly into both prostate lobes. In 10 randomly selected patients radionuclide distribution and its time course was determined via regions of interest (ROIs) over prostate, urinary bladder, liver, spleen and the lymph nodes. The uptake in the SLNs was estimated from gamma probe measurements at the surgically removed nodes. To compare tumour positive with tumour free lymph nodes according to SLN-uptake and SLNlocalisation we evaluated 108 lymph nodes out of 24 patients with tumour positive SLN. For calculating the effective dose according to ICRP 60 of the patients we used the MIRD-method and the Mirdose 3.1 software. Results: The average uptake of separate organs was: bladder content 24%, liver 25.5%, spleen 2%, sum of SLN 0.5%. An average of 9% of the applied activity remained in the prostate. The residual activity was mainly accumulated in bone marrow and blood. Occasionally a weak activity enrichment in intestinal tract and kidneys could be recognized. The effective dose to the patient was estimated to 7.6 μSv/MBq. The radioactivity uptake of the SLN varied in several orders of magnitude between 0.006% and 0.6%. The probability of SLN-metastasis was found to be independent from tracer uptake in the lymph node. The radioactivity uptake of the SLNs in distinct lymph node regions showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The radiotracer is transferred out of the prostate via blood flow, by direct transfer via the urethra into the bladder and by lymphatic transport. Injecting a total activity of 200 MBq leads to a mean effective dose of 1.5 mSv. It is not recommended to use the tracer uptake in lymph nodes as the only criterion to characterize SLNs.

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A Comparative Ex Vivo Study of Plasminogen Activators and Proteases for Fibrinolytic Activity and Side Effects in Rabbits

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649213 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 37 (01) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. A Janik ◽

S. E Papaioannou

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Plasminogen Activators ◽

Assay System ◽

Coagulation Parameters ◽

Ex Vivo Assay

SummaryUrokinase, streptokinase, Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687, a bacterial exoprotease, have been evaluated in an ex vivo assay system. These enzymes were injected into rabbits and the fibrinolytic activity as well as other coagulation parameters were measured by in vitro techniques. Dose-response correlations have been made using the euglobulin lysis time as a measure of fibrinolytic activity and the 50% effective dose has been determined for each enzyme. Loading doses, equal to four times the 50% effective dose, were administered to monitor potential toxicity revealing that Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687 were very toxic at this concentration.Having established the 50% effective dose for each enzyme, further testing was conducted where relevant fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters were measured for up to two days following a 50% effective dose bolus injection of each enzyme. Our results have demonstrated that urokinase and streptokinase are plasminogen activators specifically activating the rabbit fibrinolytic system while Brinase, trypsin and SN 687 increase the general proteolytic activity in vivo.The advantages of this ex vivo assay system for evaluating relative fibrinolytic potencies and side effects for plasminogen activators and fibrinolytic proteases have been discussed.

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Predicting Daily Maintenance Dose of Fluindione, an Oral Anticoagulant Drug

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650357 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (05) ◽

pp. 731-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

V Cazaux ◽

B Gauthier ◽

A Elias ◽

D Lefebvre ◽

J Tredez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Maintenance Dose ◽

Successive Approximations ◽

Hemorrhagic Complication ◽

Simple Method ◽

Individual Variations ◽

Anticoagulant Drug ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time ◽

Daily Maintenance Dose

SummaryDue to large inter-individual variations, the dose of vitamin K antagonist required to target the desired hypocoagulability is hardly predictible for a given patient, and the time needed to reach therapeutic equilibrium may be excessively long. This work reports on a simple method for predicting the daily maintenance dose of fluindione after the third intake. In a first step, 37 patients were delivered 20 mg of fluindione once a day, at 6 p.m. for 3 consecutive days. On the morning of the 4th day an INR was performed. During the following days the dose was adjusted to target an INR between 2 and 3. There was a good correlation (r = 0.83, p<0.001) between the INR performed on the morning of day 4 and the daily maintenance dose determined later by successive approximations. This allowed us to write a decisional algorithm to predict the effective maintenance dose of fluindione from the INR performed on day 4. The usefulness and the safety of this approach was tested in a second prospective study on 46 patients receiving fluindione according to the same initial scheme. The predicted dose was compared to the effective dose soon after having reached the equilibrium, then 30 and 90 days after. To within 5 mg (one quarter of a tablet), the predicted dose was the effective dose in 98%, 86% and 81% of the patients at the 3 times respectively. The mean time needed to reach the therapeutic equilibrium was reduced from 13 days in the first study to 6 days in the second study. No hemorrhagic complication occurred. Thus the strategy formerly developed to predict the daily maintenance dose of warfarin from the prothrombin time ratio or the thrombotest performed 3 days after starting the treatment may also be applied to fluindione and the INR measurement.

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POSTOPERATIVE COMPLIANCE OF BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS REGARDING THE ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

Medical Connections ◽

10.33311/medcon.2019.49.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1/2019) ◽

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Laboratory Assessment ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Before And After ◽

Bariatric Patients

Background and aims: Overweight and obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery require a rigorous clinical and paraclinical assessment both before and after the surgery at 3, 6, and 12 months.The present study aims the assessment of serum leptin levels and insulin resistance status in compliant bariatric patients to scheduled medical laboratory assessment at 6 months after surgery. Material and Method: The study included 109 eligible patients selected for bariatric surgery, 48 of whom attended the scheduled visit at 6 months after the surgery. Laboratory assessing regarded the insulin resistance by determining before meal the serum levels of leptin, glucose and insulin, as well as HOMA 1 and HOMA 2 indexes. Results: Patients who underwent bariatric treatment experienced a significant decrease in insulin resistance status. A higher percentage in the preoperative group was recorded in women, feature which was also recorded in the postoperative group that attended the scheduled visit at 6 months after surgery. Age is also an important factor that significantly influences the behavioral adherence to postoperative visits. Conclusions: Insulin resistance status improved significantly in 6 months after bariatric surgery among the fully compliant patients. The percentage of attendance at scheduled visits is higher among women, and decreases with age. Keywords: obesity surgery, leptin resistance, insulin resistance, HOMA index, compliance

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The Measurements of Natural Radioactivity, (Radon and Gamma concentrations), around the old fertilizer factory in Basrah/Iraq

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v7i1.6955 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1324-1335

Author(s):

Jabbar H. Jebur

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Radon Concentration ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Annual Effective Dose ◽

Track Detector ◽

Exhalation Rate ◽

Hazard Indices ◽

Radium Equivalent ◽

Passive Technique ◽

Radium Activity

Radon concentration, exhalation rate, annual effective dose, radium activity, thorium, uranium potassium and radium equivalent have been measured in the present investigation for soil in the area around the old fertilizer factory in southern of Basrah Governorate. The measurements based on CR39 track detector for passive method, RAD7 for active method and NaI(Tl) for gamma concentration measurements. Average values for radon concentration in soil were 112.04Â±10.76 Bq/m3 using passive technique and 104.56Â±6.05 Bq/m3 using RAD7. From the result of the passive technique, area and mass exhalation rates and the annual effective dose were calculated. Gamma ray spectroscopy for the soil samples were performed and found that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 50.89 Bq/kg, 21.74 Bq/kg and 640.4 Bq/kg respectively. Gamma ray hazard indices were calculated and found they are within the world average.

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