Risk Evaluation and Stratification of Low Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major, worldwide problem and remain the dominant cause of premature mortality in the word. Simultaneously the metabolic syndrome is a growing problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic profile among cardiovascular risk classes, and to estimate CV risk using various calculators. Methods The longitudinal, population-based study, was conducted in 2017-2020. A total of 931 individuals aged 20-79 were included. Anthropometric and biochemical profiles were measured according to a standardized protocols. The study population was divided into CV risk classes according to the latest recommendation. Comparisons variables between subgroups were conducted using Dwass-Steele-Critchlow-Fligner test. To estimate CV risk were used: the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation system, Framingham Risk Score and LIFEtime-perspective model for individualizing CardioVascular Disease prevention strategies in apparently healthy people (LIFE-CVD). Results The mean age was 49.1± 15.5 years, 43.2% were male. Percentages of low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk and very-high CV risk were 46.1%, 22.8%, 13.5%, 17.6%, respectively. Most of the analyzed anthropometric, body composition and laboratory parameters did not differ between the moderate and high CV risk participants, whereas the low risk group differed significantly. In the moderate and high-risk groups, abdominal distribution of adipose tissue dominated with significantly elevated parameters of insulin resistance. Interestingly, estimating lifetime risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or CV death using LIFE-CVD calculator yielded similar results in moderate and high CV risk classes. Conclusion The participants belonging to moderate and high CV risk classes have a very similar unfavorable cardiometabolic profile which may result in the similar lifetime CV risk. This may imply the need for more aggressive pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of CV risk factors in the moderate CV risk population. It would be advisable to consider combining the moderate and high risk classes into one high CV risk class, or it may be worth adding one of the parameters of abdominal fat distribution to the CV risk calculators as an expression of increased insulin resistance. Abstract Figure 1.

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The Impact of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk on Graft Failure in Deceased-Donor Renal Transplantation

Progress in Transplantation ◽

10.1177/15269248211024610 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152692482110246

Author(s):

Grace Hsu ◽

Tracy M. Sparkes ◽

Brent N. Reed ◽

Stormi E. Gale ◽

Brian E. Crossley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Graft Failure ◽

Deceased Donor ◽

Low Risk ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Pretransplant cardiovascular risk may be amplified after renal transplant, but little is known about its impact on graft outcomes. Research question: The purpose of this study was to determine if pretransplant cardiovascular risk was associated with graft outcomes. Design: This retrospective study included deceased-donor renal transplant recipients from 2010-2015. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk for patients without prior disease was calculated and patients were categorized into high (score >20%), intermediate (7.5-20%), and low risk (<7.5%). Patients with and without prior cardiovascular disease were also compared. The main endpoint was graft failure at 3-years post-transplant. Other outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events, biopsy-proven rejection, and mortality. Results: In patients without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (N = 115), graft failure rates (4.5% vs 11.3% vs 12.5%; ( P = 0.64) and major adverse cardiovascular events (9.1% vs 13.2% vs 5.0%; P = 0.52) were similar in the high, intermediate, and low risk groups. In those with prior disease (N = 220), rates of primary nonfunction (6.8% vs 1.7%; P = 0.04), major adverse cardiovascular events (7.3% vs 2.6%; P = 0.01), and heart failure (10.9% vs 3.5%; P = 0.02) were higher than those without cardiovascular; rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure were insignificant after adjusting for age, gender, and race. Other outcomes were not different. Outcomes did not differ based on pretransplant cardiovascular risk. Discussion: Pretransplant atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was associated with increased early graft failure but similar outcomes at 3-years, suggesting cardiac risk alone should not exclude transplantation.

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Association between Soy Food and Dietary Soy Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Jihyun Im ◽

Kyong Park

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Soy Isoflavones ◽

Korean Women ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Soy Isoflavone ◽

Soy Foods ◽

Cardiovascular Disease In Women

The association between soy food and soy isoflavone intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is uncertain, especially in women. We aimed to investigate this association in Korean women. We analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, including 4713 Korean women aged 40–69 years with no CVD or cancer at baseline. Dietary information was obtained using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the incidence of CVD was assessed using biennial self-reported questionnaires on medical history. The mean follow-up time was 7.4 years, during which 82 premenopausal and 200 postmenopausal women reported CVD incidence. The highest tofu, total soy foods, and dietary soy isoflavone intake groups were significantly associated with a decreased CVD risk in premenopausal women (tofu: hazard ratio (HR) 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19–0.80; total soy food: HR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.70; dietary soy isoflavones: HR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22–0.89), whereas no association was observed in postmenopausal women. Other soy foods showed no association with CVD incidence. Dietary soy isoflavones and total soy foods are associated with a decreased CVD risk in premenopausal women. Among soy foods, only tofu showed significant health benefits.

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