Influence of local growth conditions on the change of species composition of mycobiots of pine seeds

The species composition of micromycetes of Scots pine seeds, collected from plantations growing in different forest vegetation conditions and selected from trees of different age groups, was studied. It was found that the most common species of micromycetes - Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycelia sterilia. Dominant species of micromycetes, in particular Penicillium cyclopium, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium sambucinum, which are the most dangerous for the development of healthy planting material, have been identified. The largest number of micromycetes from seeds of plantations growing wet birch (A3) - 189 and fresh beer (A2) - 103 micromycetes, and the smallest - fresh (B2) and raw subir (B3), respectively: 92 and 93 isolates. The highest frequency of occurrence on experimental samples of seeds of Scots pine, selected from fresh pine stands, had micromycetes: Penicillium cyclopium, Alternaria alternata, Trithothecium roseum micromycetes had the highest frequency of occurrence of Scots pine seeds taken from fresh pine stands, and Mortierella alpine, P. canescens, P. lanosum, P. variabile, Fusarium sporotrich had the lowest frequency. It was noted that Mycelia sterilia (9.2%), Fusarium sporotrichioides (9.6%) were the most common on seeds selected from trees of different age groups, while Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium verticillioides were the least common. Trichothecium roseum - 1.9%. The similarity of the species composition of mycobiota seeds selected from young and medieval plantations (similarity index - 84.2%) and medieval and mature (similarity index - 89.4%) was studied. Less similarity was observed between the species composition of fungi identified on seeds selected from young and mature plantations (similarity index is -73.6%). The most similar were the seeds of medieval and mature plantations, the least similar - the young and mature. The seeds were selected from different age groups, are different in species composition of micromycetes (similarity varied between 73.6 - 89.4%). Keywords: age groups of trees, mycobiota, type of forest vegetation conditions, micromycetes, Scots pine.

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Species biodiversity of microscopic fungi of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) in the rush communities of Lake Glinno

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.062 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 359-368

Author(s):

Kinga Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz ◽

Krystyna Janowicz ◽

Maria Wolska ◽

Anna Słodownik

Keyword(s):

Phragmites Australis ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Common Species ◽

Common Reed ◽

Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽

Fusarium Sambucinum ◽

Microscopic Fungi ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Green Material ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

The studies were carried out on common reed (Phragmites australis) growing on the shores of Lake Glinno and forming rush communities of the alliance Phragmition. 10 plants with disease symptoms were gathered from each of five sites. The isolation and marking of pathogens were performed twice from fragments of leaf and blade tissues with disease symptoms. First, directly after collecting the plants incubated in sterile humid chambers and microorganism cultures on CDA and PDA medium, and then phytopathogen and saprotroph species occurring on dried green material were identified for 2-4 months. The occurrence of 31 species of microscopic fungi overall was observed on the leaves, blades and inflorescences of P. australis, including 2 mycelia of Mycelia sterilia. The most frequently occurring species, present at all sites of Phragmites australis are: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Doratomyces stemonitis and Puccinia phragmitis, P. magnussiana and two mycelia of Mycelia sterilia. The most common species occurring on blades and inside them are: Acremoniella atra, Acremonium alternatum and Fusarium sambucinum. Sporadically, Ustilago grandis was also observed inside blades. Tiny necrotic stains on leaves and blades were caused by the presence of three species of the genus Leptoshaeria: L. culmifraga, L. eustoma and L. fuckelli. The occurrence of the sclerote of Claviceps microcephala was found in inflorescences.

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The Recovery of Damaged Pine Forests in an Area Formerly Polluted by Nitrogen

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.451 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 384-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kestutis Armolaitis ◽

Vidas Stakenas

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Pollution ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

An area in Lithuania containing coniferous stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce that were dead or damaged due to nitrogen pollution by a nitrogen fertilizer plant (JV Achema) was found to have expanded between 1974 and 1989 to a distance of 20 to 25 km northeast of the plant in the direction of prevailing winds. Over the last 10 years, when nitrogen pollution by the plant had decreased, a clear process of recovery of the damaged ecosystems could be observed. The following features of this process as it occurred in damaged Scots pine stands are discussed: (1) refoliation (or decreased defoliation) of damaged trees, where a clear positive trend could be observed; (2) changes in the species composition and in the covering by ground vegetation, where small changes and indication of less-nitrophilous species coverage could be detected; and (3) chemical and acidity changes in Luvisols and Arenosols, where a significant decrease could be seen especially concerning nitrate concentrations.

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Occurrence of pathotypes of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (Jones) Boerema in the Olsztyn district

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1991.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽

Saprophytic Fungi ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Field Peas ◽

Phoma Medicaginis ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agents of leaves and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Investigated isolates of P. medicaginis var. pinodella differed by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseases leaves and pods of peas and field peas obtained also saprophytic fungi among which Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola and mycelia sterilia were dominated. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of P. medicaginis var. pinodella six pathotypes were identified among which pathotype 3 were dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

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Occurrence of pathotypes of Ascochyta pinodes (Jones) in the Olsztyn district

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1990.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1-2) ◽

pp. 109-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Saprophytic Fungi ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Field Peas ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Ascochyta Pinodes ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agent of leaf and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus Ascochyta pinodes (Jones). Investigated isolates of A. pinoides different by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseased leaves and pods of peas and field peas saprophytic fungi were also obtained. Among them Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola and mycelia sterilia were dominant. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of A. pinodes (Jones) six pathotypes were identified among which pathotypes 3 dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

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Consistency in the classification of oligotrophic forest sites and forest vegetation in Scots pine stands of successive age classes in Bolesławiec Forest

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/v10111-011-0007-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Ewa Stefańska-Krzaczek

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Forest Vegetation ◽

Age Classes ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

Przemiany ubogich siedlisk borowych a aktualny stan roślinności runa w drzewostanach sosnowych kolejnych klas wieku w Nadleśnictwie Bolesławiec

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Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 348-353

Author(s):

E. A. Kuchina ◽

N. D. Ovcharenko ◽

L. D. Vasileva

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Life Forms ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Steppe Species

Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.

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Dynamics in maturing Scots pine monoculture in north-east Belgium

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v55i0.901 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Maddelein ◽

N. Lust ◽

S. Meyen ◽

B. Muys

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Forest Type ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Red Oak ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽

North East ◽

Stand Conversion ◽

Pine Stands

The State Forest Pijnven, created early this century by afforestation with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of heathland areas is now characterised in most stands by an important ingrowth of deciduous tree species. Ingrowth is dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), both species originating from North America. Deciduous ingrowth in the pine stands profoundly influences herbal composition of the stand. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., abundant in all older pine stands, disappears when deciduous trees settle and species diversity, already low in the pine stands, further diminishes. Important oak and cherry regeneration is depending on the presence of seed trees in the vicinity; when lacking, a new pine generation manages to settle. A good red oak regeneration can be useful as a basis for stand conversion towards a mixed, uneven-aged deciduous forest type, but in many cases this possibility is hampered by massive invasion of black cherry, preventing all other species to regenerate.

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Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v53i0.913 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

Author(s):

C. De Schepper

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Free Field ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Forest ◽

Forest Practice ◽

Scots Pine Stands

The study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field. The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration groups.

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An analysis of a spontaneous ingrowth of deciduous trees in 70 year old stands of Scots pine

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v52i0.916 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Lust

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Red Oak ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Stem Number ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Spontaneous Regeneration ◽

Scots Pine Stands

In 70 years old homogeneous Scots pine stands, bordered by a hardwood belt, an analysis was made about the spontaneous ingrowth of natural seedlings. The analysis involved especially the following points: species and stem number, influence of the hardwood belts, diameter and height distribution, age, growth and structure. From the age of 30 years, a spontaneous regeneration of hardwoods established in Scots pine stands. There are on average 7,000 plants per ha, 80 % of which are black cherry and another fair number are red oak and pedunculate oak. The regeneration has an average age of 25 to 30 years, it is uneven aged, contains several diameter and height classes and has already partially penetrated the upper stratum. The spontaneous ingrowth allows to convert in a simple way the homogeneous coniferous stands into mixed hardwood stands.

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Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00330-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marco Diers ◽

Robert Weigel ◽

Heike Culmsee ◽

Christoph Leuschner

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Species ◽

European Beech ◽

Organic Layer ◽

Species Identity ◽

Data Set ◽

Nutrient Pools ◽

Total N ◽

Precipitation Regimes ◽

Pine Stands

Abstract Background Organic carbon stored in forest soils (SOC) represents an important element of the global C cycle. It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity, while stocking on similar substrate, is scarce. Methods We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium) in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient (560–820 mm∙yr− 1) in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species, forest history, climate, and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools. Results While the organic layer stored on average about 80% more C under pine than beech, the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile (organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm) were greater under pine by about 40% and 20%, respectively. This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands, indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils. The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech. Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool, whereas tree species was a key driver. An extended data set (which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil) revealed that, besides tree species identity, forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands. Conclusion We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients, which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories, thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

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