Genotypical structure of egg hens by DNA microsatellites

The character of genotypic polymorphism of five industrial egg crosses of hens for five microsatellite DNA loci was analyzed. For the studied loci, 157 different genotypic variants were identified. Industrial crosses of domestic chicken Gallus domesticus significantly differed in the distribution of genotypes for all studied microsatellite loci (P <0.001). The largest number of genotypes was found in brown crosses. For loci ADL268 and LEI094, individuals of the Hisex Brown cross were the most polymorphic, while for others, Lohmann Brown. The most common among the studied birds is the genotype MCW0248213/213 (found in 129 individuals). The same genotype is most often found in the Lohmann White cross (77 individuals). In the bird of the Lohmann Brown and Hi-Line W-98 crosses, the MCW0248213/217 allele is most represented (23 and 10 individuals, respectively), in the Hisex White - MCW0248215/219 (42 individuals). Hisex Brown has the most represented genotypes MCW0248215/221 and MCW0248221/221 (in 13 individuals each). Rare genotypes were found in all of the studied crosses, with the exception of genotypes, which occurred only once (Ng1) in the Hisex white cross. Out of 136 such genotypes, 73 occurred only once, and 63 met 2 times. The largest number of rare genotypes was recorded in brown crosses at the LEI094 and MCW0248 loci. In general, 92 unique genotypes were identified in the studied crosses. Of these, 5 were registered at the ADL268 locus only in the Hisex Brown cross. At the locus MCW0216, 14 unique genotypes were identified: among hens of the Hisex brown cross – 7, Lohmann brown – 5, Lohmann white and Hy-Line W-98 – one such genotype, among individuals of the Hisex cross white - not detected. Unique genotypes for the LEI094 locus were identified 31 times. Among the individuals of the Lohmann brown and Hisex brown crosses, 12 such genotypes were recorded, and among the hens of the Lohmann white cross – 4. The Lohmann White cross showed a high level of consolidation for certain genotypes for each of the studied microsatellite loci. Thus, the ADL0278108/114 genotype was found in 40% of cases, ADL0268108/110 – 50%, LEI094259/259 – 58%, MCW248213/213 – 77% and MCW216137/137 – 84%. Moreover, the last 3 are homozygous.