scholarly journals Cancer and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Gomaa M.Othman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Colon Cancers

Colon cancer is one of the most extensively studied cancers in relation to physical activity. A 2009 meta-analysis of 52 epidemiologic studies that examined the association between physical activity and colon cancer risk found that the most physically active individuals had a 24% lower risk of colon cancer than those who were the least physically active. A pooled analysis of data on leisure-time physical activity (activities done at an individual’s discretion generally to improve or maintain fitness or health) from 12 prospective U.S. and European cohort studies reported a risk reduction of 16%, when comparing individuals who were most active to those where least active. Incidence of both distal colon and proximal colon cancers is lower in people who are more physically active than in those who are less physically active. Physical activity is also associated with a decreased risk of colon adenomas (polyps), a type of colon polyp that may develop into colon cancer. However, it is less clear whether physical activity is associated with lower risks that polyps that have been removed will come back.

Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15080-e15080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ma ◽  
Peilin Huang ◽  
Mingyue Hu ◽  
Sunkai Ling ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Colon Cancers

e15080 Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that intake of dietary fiber is associated with decreased risk of colon cancer, however, these findings are inconsistent in that dietary fiber intake is differentially associated with risks of proximal colon and distal colon cancers. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Pubmed database were searched to identify relevant cohort studies up to December 2016 to examine the association between dietary fiber and risks of proximal colon and distal colon cancers, respectively. A random-effects model was used to compute summary risk estimates. Results: 11 prospective cohort studies were identified and included in the analysis. We observed that the risk of proximal colon cancer was 14% lower among the highest dietary fiber intake compared with the lowest intake (RR = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 0.95). A similar result was also found for distal colon cancer (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.87). Conclusions: In current analysis, we show that dietary fiber intake is associated inversely with risks of both proximal and distal colon cancers.

scholarly journals Can socioeconomic health differences be explained by physical activity at work and during leisure time? Rationale and protocol of the active worker individual participant meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e023379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Coenen ◽  
Maaike A Huysmans ◽  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
Richard Troiano ◽  
Paul Jarle Mork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Active Worker

IntroductionSocioeconomic health differences have often been described, but remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence suggests that workers who are high (compared with low) physically active at work are less healthy. Moreover, workers who are highly physically active at work are predominantly physically inactive during leisure time. These observations suggest that workers with a lower socioeconomic status may be exposed to negative health consequences of occupational physical activity and may only benefit to a limited extent from health benefits of leisure-time physical activity. Physical activity may therefore be an important driver of socioeconomic health differences. We describe the rationale and protocol of the active worker study, an individual participant data meta-analysis aimed at exploring socioeconomic health differences by differential doses of physical activity at work and leisure time.Methods and analysisUsing database and scoping searches (we searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from database inception to 14 September 2017), we have identified 49 published and unpublished prospective studies in which the association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality was assessed. Principal investigators of these studies will be invited to participate in the active worker consortium, after which data will be retrieved. After data merging and harmonising, we will perform multilevel survival analysis assessing the combined association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with mortality. We will also test the mediating effect of physical activity on the association of socioeconomic status and mortality (ie, socioeconomic health differences).DiscussionThe Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center has declared, according to Dutch legislation, that the ‘Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act’ does not apply to the current study. As such, no ethics approval is required. We intent to publish outcomes of the active worker Study in scientific peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018085228.

Influence of physical activity at a young age and lifetime physical activity on the risks of 3 obesity-related cancers: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemayanto Hidayat ◽  
Hui-Juan Zhou ◽  
Bi-Min Shi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Cancer Côlon

Abstract Context Excess weight has been linked to increased risks of 13 types of cancers. Physical activity is a non-nutritional modifiable lifestyle factor that is not only crucial for weight control but is also known to regulate hormones and metabolic pathways that may contribute to carcinogenesis. There is solid evidence that being physically active during middle and late adulthood lowers the risks of 3 obesity-related cancers, namely breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer. However, the associations between physical activity at a young age (childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood; age 5 to ≤30 yr) and lifetime physical activity and the risks of breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer are less defined. Objective The present systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed in accordance with the MOOSE guidelines to determine whether physical activity at a young age and lifetime physical activity may lower the risks of breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer. Data sources The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant observational studies published from inception to July 2018. Study selection Observational studies (prospective cohort, case-cohort, nested case-control, historical cohort, and case-control) were considered relevant if they investigated the association between physical activity at a young age or lifetime physical activity and the risks of developing selected cancers. Data extraction A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to generate the summary relative risk (RR) with 95%CI for the highest vs the lowest category of physical activity of any type. Results Eighty publications were included in the present meta-analysis. Higher physical activity at a young age was associated with lower risks of breast cancer (RR 0.81, 95%CI 0.76, 0.87) and colon cancer (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.50, 0.88). Similarly, lifetime physical activity was inversely associated with the risks of breast cancer (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72, 0.86) and colon cancer (RR 0.75, 95%CI 0.69, 0.82). For breast cancer, menopausal status did not appear to modify the observed inverse association. The benefit with respect to endometrial cancer risk reduction was only observed with higher lifetime physical activity (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.67, 0.88), not with higher physical activity at a young age (RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.73, 1.07). Conclusions Being physically active over a lifetime, starting from early childhood, may lower the risks of developing breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Risks of Proximal and Distal Colon Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (20) ◽  
pp. 1548-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Boyle ◽  
Tessa Keegel ◽  
Fiona Bull ◽  
Jane Heyworth ◽  
Lin Fritschi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Colon Cancers
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