scholarly journals Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in Post-Menopausal Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common especially in women over the age of 50 years. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is more in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy. The prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism in women increases steadily with age, rising from 10% to 20% in the postmenopausal. The study results clearly indicate an increase in the activities of TSH among the older-aged post-menopausal women. Objective: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Material and Method: A review of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources(e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, postmenopausal women, Hormone Replacement Therapy etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in Post-Menopausal Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common especially in women over the age of 50 years. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is more in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy. The prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism in women increases steadily with age, rising from 10% to 20% in the postmenopausal. The study results clearly indicate an increase in the activities of TSH among the older-aged post-menopausal women. Objective: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Material and Method: A review of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in post-menopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources(e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, postmenopausal women, Hormone Replacement Therapy etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years.

Sonographic Abnormalities of Thyroid Gland in pre and post-menopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1781-1784
Author(s):  
Namra Adnan ◽  
Syeda Khadija Tul Sughra Murrium ◽  
S. Mohammad Yousaf Farooq ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Key Words Thyroid Gland ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Women that are over 50 years are usually diagnosed by thyroid disorders. The prevalence of Thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, found more under postmenopausal women than premenopausal. In the postmenopausal phase the prevalence of biochemical (or subclinical) hypothyroidism rising from 10% to 20%, or increases steadily with age in women. The study results show an enlargement in the activities of Thyroid stimulating hormone among menopausal women. Aim: To compare the sonographic findings of thyroid gland in before and after-menopausal women. Method: An Analysis of scientific literature concerning the correlation of Sonographic abnormalities of thyroid gland in pre and post-menopausal women was done. Different platforms including medical journals, books and online resources (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar & Medline) were explored to find the relevant data using the mesh Terms: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, etc. The main focus was given to the latest data published in the last 10 years. Key words: Thyroid gland, premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Does hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women have any effect upon nasal physiology?

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Wild ◽  
C M Philpott ◽  
C R Wolstenholme ◽  
G E Murty
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Nasal Physiology ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Age Range

AbstractBackground:Previous studies have suggested that the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and the oral contraceptive pill have an effect upon nasal physiology.Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effects upon nasal physiology of female hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women. This has not been previously studied.Methods:Twenty post-menopausal women (age range 36 to 70 years; mean age 57.0 years) underwent measurements of the nasal airway, including anterior rhinoscopy, peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, acoustic rhinometry, anterior rhinomanometry, mucociliary clearance time and rhinitis quality of life questionnaire. Measurements of nasal patency were recorded prior to commencing hormone replacement therapy and at a time point 77–195 days (mean 101.9 days) following commencement.Results:There was no statistical difference found for any of the variables, using the paired t-test (p > 0.05 for all).Conclusions:Female hormone replacement therapy has no discernable effect upon nasal physiology and should not be considered a cause of rhinitic symptoms.

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